184 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 
the other hand Steindachner, who has examined many specimens of Sternarchus 
albifrons, observes that the caudal region of most of the individuals had been 
mutilated and the caudal fin regenerated. He says: ‘“‘Seit der Publication meiner 
Abhandlung iiber die Gymnotidee des K.K. Hof-Naturaliencabinetes zu Wien im 
Jahre 1868 habe ich mehrfach Gelegenheit gehabt Exemplare von Sternarchus 
albifrons sp. Linné zu untersuchen, darunter viele aus dem See Manacapuru, von 
Teffé, Obidos (im Museum zu Cambridge, Massach., Thayer-Expedition). Bei 
den meisten derselben war das Schwanzende verstiimmelt und die caudale regen- 
erirt.”’ (Flussfische Sid Amer., IIT, 1881, p. 13.) This species which reaches the 
length of five hundred millimeters, or more, is entirely black save for two bright 
pink bands around the tail and a band of the same color along the top of the head. 
Is it that these strikingly colored bands attract other fish and account for the 
frequent injury of the caudal region? 
A specimen of Sternarchus bonaparti Castelnau, from Santarem, Brazil, had a 
regenerated caudal very similar to those regenerated by the two individuals of 
Sternarchorhamphus miillert. This fish, estimated to be about one hundred and 
forty millimeters long, representing an inconspicuous brown species, had lost about 
thirty millimeters of the caudal portion of the body, as well as the entire caudal 
fin. From near the backbone there had been regenerated a symmetrical, rounded 
caudal fin, eight and a half millimeters long, and a well-scaled, seemingly normal 
caudal peduncle some four millimeters in length. (This caudal peduncle is much 
shorter than the normal one.) In the angle between the new caudal peduncle and 
the old anal fin there is a small piece of regenerated anal fin bearing six new anal 
rays. The new caudal fin is quite normal in shape although distinctly larger than 
a normal caudal, and perhaps a little rounder. It contains twenty-three rays as 
compared with twenty in the normal caudal. (See Figure 26.) 
Fic. 26. Regenerated Tail. Sternarchus bonaparti Castelnau, Santarem, Brazil. 
Of all the specimens of Sternarchus hasemani Ellis and Sternarchella schotti 
(Steindachner) examined, thirteen of the former and five of the latter had lost the 
entire caudal fin together with more or less of the caudal portion of the body. 
