18 Mesozoic and Coenozoic Geolor/y and Palceontology. 



mottled sandstones, red and drab marls, buff, magnesian and black 

 limestones, blue and brown shales and gypsum, 344 feet in thick- 

 ness. These rocks extend in an irregular belt across the State, 

 from ihe headwaters of the Blue and Fancy, across the Republican and 

 Solomon, and over the Kansas, between Turkey Creek and the Saline; 

 thence south and southeasterly up the Smoky Hill and Gypsum, Hol- 

 land and Turkey Creeks; along the northern slope of the divide, south 

 of the Kansas, to the heads of Lyon and Diamond Creeks; sweeping 

 thence westward across the Cottonwood and down the divide, south 

 of that stream, to the Walnut and White Water. The gypsum beds 

 vary in thickness from to 50 feet, and crop out on the Blue, the Re- 

 publican, and the Kansas, and on Turkey Creek; and on the divides 

 between the Gypsum and Holland, and between Turkey' Creek and the 

 Cottonwood. 



In the same year. Dr. F. V. Hayden* referred the celebrated Pipe- 

 stone quarry of northeastern Dakota, to the Triassic, and showed that 

 the manufacture of it into pipes commenced by the Indians, at a 

 quite recent date — probably within the last 50 or 100 years. The 

 pipestone is called Catlinite. 



The Triassic rocks of New Jersey f are included in a belt of 

 country which has the Highland Range of mountains on its north- 

 west side, and a line almost straight from Staten Island Sound, 

 near Woodbridge, to Trenton, on its southeast; the Hudson river 

 on the northeast, and the Delaware on the southwest. The length 

 of the southern border line is 74 miles; that on the northwest is 

 <)8 miles. These measurements are from the Delaware river to the 

 State line. Its greatest breadth is on the Delaware, where it is over 

 30 miles across. From ISIine mountain to the Raritan river, near the 

 mouth of Lawrence Brook, its breadth is 19 miles. On the State line, 

 from the Hudson river to Sutferns, it is 15 miles. The area embraced 

 within these limits, excluding the bays, is about 1500 square miles. Of 

 this about 330 square miles. are occupied by trap rock. It consists of 

 red sandstone, and is fossiliferous, at Pompton, Boonton, Milford, 

 Tumble Station, Belleville, Newark, Pluckamin and other places. 



The ordinary way of computing the thickness of a rock formation 

 is to take its dip, and also the breadth of country across which this dip 

 is continued, and use them as two parts of a right-angled triangle for- 

 getting the remaining parts, one of which is the perpendicular thick 



■'•" Am. Jour. Sei. and Arts, 2 ser., vol. xliii. 

 t Geo. ofN. Jersey, 1868. 



