Mesozoic and Ccenozoic Geology and Paloiontology. 165 



tjand and gravel, which, on the east, form a hill 130 feet high. The 

 southern face of this hill runs in the bearing 65°, and the gravel to- 

 ward the eastward rests on flat sandstone strata, which have a smooth 

 and partially rounded surface. The gravel and the rock constitute the 

 north side of a deep bay. The polished rock surface exhibits well 

 marked grooves, which come from beneath the gravel hill, nearly at 

 right angles to the margin of the water. There is. here, as in some 

 •other instances, more than one set of parallel scratches. Two of these 

 sets cross one another in the directions 140° and 196°. In the eastern 

 bay, at the head of the lake, near the mouth of the Otter river, parallel 

 grooves were remarked running in the bearing 105°, which is the up- 

 ward dii-ection of the vallej' of that stream; and about a mile west- 

 ward of the Blanche, in the same bay, in the bearing 130°, partaking 

 •of the direction of the valle}', bounded by the escarpment of the 

 limestone described as running back into the interior. On the 

 east side of the lake, three bowlders were remarked, which had been 

 moved by the ice the previous winter. One of them measuring 32 

 cubic feet, had been moved nine feet in the direction 90°; another 100 

 cubic feet, had been moved twelve feet in the direction 350°; another 

 SO cubic feet, had been moved 14 feet in the direction 350°; each had 

 left behind it a deep, broad furrow through the gravel of the beach 

 down to the cla^^ beneath. In front of the first was accumulated a 

 heap of gravel, one foot high, with an area of 9 square feet; in front of 

 the second was an accumulation of small bowlders weighing from 80 to 

 100 His. each. To move the second and third, the progress of the ice 

 must have been up the lake, and the first across it. Had the gravel 

 rested on the surface of a rock instead of cla}^ parallel scratches would 

 have been the result in each case. 



There are deep, water-worn holes on the banks of the Ottawa, at 

 heights considerably above the highest level it has ever been known to 

 attain. One of these, 18 inches in diameter, near Chenaux, is 60 feet 

 above the existing surface of the water; another, on the island at Por- 

 tage Dufort, 25 feet above the water, and 12 or 13 feet over the great 

 flood of the preceding spring, is more than 5 feet deep, measuring 2 b}^ 

 24^ feet in diameter. 



Alexander Murra3' found Tertiary deposits on the eastern peninsula 

 of the Province, between the Ba}^ Chalear and the Gulf of St. Law- 

 rence, consisting of clay, generally of a blue color, with sand or gravel 

 over it, and forming the banks at the mouths of the rivers. Over the 

 cla}' in some cases, as at the mouth of the Chat, marine shells were 

 found deposited in layers, 30 feet above high-water marlv. At the 



