Mesozoic and Ccenozoic Geology and Palceonfology. , 199 



the spring of the 3'ear. Descending the river to No. 14- we find a ledge 

 which has been struck b_y a force descending the riA-er, as thestoss and 

 lee sides plainlj- show. The course of the striae is north 65 deg. west, 

 the stoss side being on the southeast. A similar example occurs near 

 the mouth of Black river, where the course of the stride is toward north 

 60 deg. west. The countrj- above Black river being quite level, is not 

 so well adapted for the existence of a glacier as the region below 

 where high mountains crowd the river on both sides. At the mouth 

 of Little Black river the upper side of the ledges is uniformly the 

 struck side. Some of the ledges are covered with both drift and 

 glacial strige, the former coming from north. 60 deg. west, and the 

 latter running down the river northeasterly. A mile above the 

 mouth of the St. Francis river, the glacial striae run down the 

 river with the direction north 47 deg. east. Near the village of St. 

 Francis the two sets of striae appear again, the drift with the di- 

 rections of north 60 deg. west, and north 20 deg. west, and the glacial 

 with the direction of north 16 deg. east. This is the course of the 

 river around n curve. The former are here the most prominent. In 

 the township below Fort Kent, striae appear running north 30 deg. west. 

 One of the finest exposures of the glacial stri« is in Dionne, where the 

 river makes a great bend and pursues a northerly course. The strias 

 change with the river and run north 20 deg. west, or directly opposite 

 to the normal course of the drift in the vicinity, the force having gone 

 northerly instead of southerly. No glacial markings were observed be- 

 low this, in fact the glacial and drift markings could not be distin- 

 guished from each other below the Madawaska settlements. The evi- 

 dence for an ancient glacier is not so strong on the St. John river as 

 in the western part of New England. Some might contend that the 

 immense ice freshets in the spring would be sufficient to explain all 

 the phenomena. On the other hand, the objection to glaciers in north- 

 ern Maine would be less than in Massachusetts, on account of the 

 colder climate. 



An un stratified mass of a stiff, dark, bluish clay, containing rounded 

 and striated bowlders, and called bowlder clay, is found on the precip- 

 itous banks of rapid streams in narrow valleys. It underlies the finer 

 sands and gravels of later periods, and always rests directly upon the 

 solid rocks. 



Modified drift occurs, in Maine, in the form of moraine teyraces, 

 horsebacks, sea beaches, sea bottoms, marine cla3's and terraces. Mo- 

 raine terraces are generally accumulations of gravel, bowlders and sand, 



