Mesozoic and Ccunozoic Geology and Palmontology. 205 



Lawrence, at the base of the Laurentide hills, from Ottawa to Cape 

 Tourmente. It expands on the St. Maurice to a breadth of thirt}' 

 miles. To the westward it covers much of the surface in the triangu- 

 lar area between the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa east of the meridian 

 of Kingston. Marine shells occur in this sand in Nepeau, at 410 feet 

 above the sea ; in Kenyon, at 335 feet ; in Fitzroy, at 330 feet ; in 

 Winchester, at 3U0 feet ; and at Pakenham mills, at 226 feet. South 

 of the St. Lawrence these sands are found along the boundary of New 

 York. From the east side of Missisquoi bay, a belt extends between 

 the clay plains of the south shore of the St. Lawrence, which it partly 

 overlies, and the more elevated region to the southeast, as far as 

 Metis. At the Wallbridge Mills, in Stanbridge, marine shells occur 

 at a height of 160 feet, and near Upton, on the Grand Trunk railway, 

 at 300 feet above sea level. 



In 1863, J. S. Newberr}'* described, from the Miocene of Bellingham 

 bay, Equisetum rohiistum, Sahal cam2:)beUi, Quercus cor'iacea, Q. 

 Jlexuosa, Q. banksioefoUa; from Birch bay, Washington Territory, 

 Taxodium occidentale, Smilax cyclophylla; and from Bellingham \ia.y 

 Quercus elliptica, and Popiilus flabellum. • 



Remondf described, from the Pliocene near Kirkers Pass, Gardium 

 gabbi, and Ostrea bourgeoisi. 



In 1864, T. A. ConradJ described, from the Eocene of Dallas county, 

 Alabama, Turritella prKcincta ; from Pamunkey river, Virginia, 

 Protocardia virgintana ; and from 6 miles east of Washington, D.C. 

 Dosiniopsis meeki. 



He described, from the Miocene at Natural Well, Dauphin county, 

 North Carolina, Fasciolaria subtenta, and Lirosoma curvirostrum. 



The Miocene§ Strata,on the northern slope of the Monte Diablo Range, 

 consists of heavy-bedded sandstones. 



In crossing over the Santa Cruz Range from Santa Cruz, in a 

 northerly- direction to the Santa Clara Valley, before reaching the 

 metamorphic, a mass of rocks is traversed, which is much broken and 

 elevated, some of the ridges being fully 2,000 feet high. In rising on 

 to this elevated ridge, however, we first pass over a belt of unaltered 

 strata, which near the town lie nearly horizontal, and which appear 

 to have escaped the action of the elevating forces, by which the main 



* Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. vli. 

 t Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 

 \ Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. xiv. 

 $ Geo. Sur. of California, 1865. 



