266 Tertiary. 



former existence of glaciers. The numerous canons cut througli the 

 soft shales, marls, and sandstones, are formed so regularly, and 

 ao-i-ee so thoroughly with the pronounced stratigraphical conditions, 

 that they admit of no other agency having shaped them than water. 

 Ascending any one of them toward the main divide, the upward slope 

 is found very even, its valley widening wherever other creeks or streams 

 enter, and its entire character in conformity with the view regarding 

 it as the i-esult of the action of flowing water. 



Dr. A. C. Peale made a section of the Roan cliffs, at White Moun- 

 tain, on Grand river, where he found the thickness of the Wasatch 

 Group, measured by angles taken with the gradienter, to be 1,650 feet, 

 and the Green River Group, 2,282 feet. 



George ^t. Dawson* referred the lignite and basaltic series in the 

 basins of the Blackwater, Salmon, and Nechacco rivers, and on Fran- 

 cois lake, in British Columbia, to one group, which, on the evidence 

 of the fossil plants, corresponds with the Miocene of Alaska and Green- 

 land. The basaltic and other igneous flows form the latter part of the 

 oToup, but blend with the underlying sedimentary beds, and form an 

 integral part of the whole. No trace, however, is found of rocks due 

 to volcanic action since the period of the drift. The sources of the 

 immense flows of molten matter have been numerous ; for, beside the 

 manv dykes found traversing the older rocks, which may, at one time, 

 have been fissures giving exit to lava streams, beds characterized by 

 a roughly brecciated chai'acter appear in many places, and can scarce- 

 ly have been formed far from the mouths of larger or smaller vents, 

 capable of ejecting fragments. Between the region of the upper waters 

 of the Blackwater and Salmon rivers, and the Bella Coola, three 

 masses of broken mountains represent as man}^ centers of former very 

 great volcanic activity. 



Samuel H. Scudder described, from the Tertiary at Quesnel, British 

 Columbia, Sciara deperdita, Euschisttis antiquus, Lachnus quesneli, 

 Bothromici'omus lachlani, and Aranea coliimhias. 



The strife upon the rocks of New Hampshiref are extremely variable 

 in their course. A few extremes are as follows : S. 2° E. ; S. 83° E. ; 

 S. 58° W. ; N. 40° W. ; N. 83° E. 



Bible hill, in Claremont, rises about 350 feet above the plain of the 

 village, at its northern base. What is supposed to be the normal direc- 

 tion of the striae is about S. 12° W., which occurs commonly west of 



* Geo. Sur. of Canada. 



t Geo. of N. Hampshire, vol. iii. 



