Mesozoic and Camozoic Geology and Paloiontology. 307 



duced with greater distinctness, and in a different style, by rocks 

 moved forward in a current of watei-. The effects produced by glaciers, 

 by drift, or moving sand, are doubtless different and peculiar, so dif- 

 ferent and characteristic, that the cause may be at once assigned by 

 the experienced observer, who can distinguish between them without 

 difficulty. It is, however, possible that after a sand worn surface, such 

 as has been described, has been for ages covered with moist earth, a 

 decomposition of the surface would take place sufficient to remove the 

 polish from the furrows and leave us in doubt as to their origin. 



Alexander Murray* examined a portion of the country between 

 Georgian bay in Lake Huron, and the Ottawa river. He followed the 

 course of the Muskoka river to its head, and by a short portage 

 passed to the source of the Petewahweh, and by its channel de- 

 scended to the Ottawa. Returning, he ascended the Bonnechere 

 river to Round lake, from which he crossed to Lake Kamaniskiak 

 on the main branch of the Madawaska, and descended the latter stream 

 to the York or southwest branch, from whence he crossed to Balsam 

 lake. He found stratified clays on the Muskoka, between the lake of 

 Bays and Ox-tongue lake, at the height of about 1,200 feet above the 

 level of the sea; the banks expose 10 or 12 feet in thickness, of drab or 

 light buff-colored clays, alternating with very thin layers of fine yellow 

 or grayish sand. At one place, the beds are tilted, showing a westerly 

 dip of about eight degrees, in which they exhibit slight wrinkles or 

 corrugations. Coarse yellow sand overlies the clay, and spreads far 

 and wide over the more level parts, generally forming the bank of the 

 river, where not occupied by hard rock. On the Petewahweh, 

 especially below Cedar lake, the whole of the level parts are covered 

 with sand, which, in some places, is of great thickness. Cedar lake is 

 about 1,050 feet above the sea. 



The banks of the Bonnechere display a great accumulation of clay 

 at many parts below the fourth chute, sometimes exposing a vertical 

 thickness of from 70 to 80 feet. Near the mouth of that river, below 

 the first chute, where the clays form the right bank, and are upward 

 of 50 feet high, they are chiefly of a pale bluish-drab color, and are 

 calcareous, while other claj^s found higher up the stream, are of a 

 yellowish-buff, and do not effervesce with acids. Below the second 

 chute, buff-colored clay is interstratified with beds of sand and gravel, 

 the latter sometimes strongl}' cemented together by carbonate of lime, 

 the whole being overlaid by a deposit of sand. The gravel is seldom 



* Geo. Sur. of Can., Rep. of Progr. for ia53. 



