CONTENTS. 



Preface, 



CHAPTER I. 



DEPTH OF THE OCEAN. 



Distribution of Land and Water, ii — Principal Areas of Elevation and of 

 Depression, 12 — Results of Soundings obtained to present Date, 13 — Average 

 Depth of the Ocean, 14 — Greatest Depths ascertained in the Atlantic, 14; in 

 the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific, 15 — Configuration of the Sea-bottom, 16 

 — The Basin of the Atlantic, 17 — Central Atlantic Plateau, 18 — The Basin of 

 the Indian Ocean, 19 — The Kerguelen Plateau, 19 — The Basin of the 

 Pacific Ocean, 20 — Submerged Plateau in the South-Eastern Pacific, 21 — 

 Large Area of Depression upon the Limits of the South Pacific and the 

 Southern Ocean, 22 — The Basin of the Southern Ocean, 23 — The Basin of 

 the Antarctic Sea, 24 — The Basin of the Arctic Sea, 25 — Area of Depression 

 between Greenland and Norway, 26. 



CHAPTER II. 



TEMPERATURE OF THE OCEAN. 



Surface Temperature, 27 — Total Range of Oceanic Temperatures, 28 — Influence 

 of Currents upon the Distribution of Temperature, 29 — Oceanic Currents 

 an Adequate Cause of Alterations of Climate, 29 — Deep-Sea Temperature, 

 30 — Earliest Systematic Observation of Deep-Sea Temperature, 30 — 

 Effect of Pressure upon the ordinary Thermometer, 31 — The Miller- 

 Casella Thermometer, 32 — Serial Soundings and Temperature Curves, 34 — 

 Construction of Temperature Curves, 35 — Deductions from the Curve, 36 

 — General Decrease of Temperature from the Surface to the Bottom, 37 — 



