CHAPTER V. 



THE TEMPERATURE SECTIONS SURVEYED BY H.M.S. 

 "CHALLENGER" IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN, THE 

 INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, AND THE PACIFIC. 



From the Cape of Good Hope to Melbourne — From Kerguelen Land to the Ice-barrier 

 — From Sydney to Cook Strait, New Zealand — From Cook Strait to Tonga 

 Tabu — From Tonga Tabu to Torres Strait — From Torres Strait to Hong-kong, 

 and from Hong-kong to the Admiralty Islands — From the Admiralty Islands 

 to Japan — From Yokohama to Station 253 — From Station 253, in the Meridian 

 of Honolulu and Tahiti, to Station 288 — From Station 288 to Valparaiso and 

 Magellan Straits. 



Section from the Cape of Good Hope to the Ice-barrier 

 AND to Melbourne (Plates 12 and 13, Table VIL). — Much of 

 the interest attached to the voyage round the world of H.M.S. 

 "Challenger" centres in her cruise in the Southern Ocean, 

 The latter, already associated with the fame of such great 

 navigators as Cook (1773), Bellingshausen (1820), Weddell 

 (1823), Morrell (1823), Biscoe (1831), Kemp (1834), Balleny 

 (1839), D'Urville (1840), Wilkes (1840), Ross (1841 and 1843), 

 and Moore (1845), had been the scene of many a courageous 

 attempt to solve the mystery of the South Polar region, and 

 it was the good fortune of Captain Sir George S. Nares, the 

 leader of the recent Arctic expedition, to add his name to this 

 long list of hardy explorers. It was not the mission of the 

 " Challenger " to penetrate into the ice-bound regions of the 

 South Pole — a task for which her size and her unprotected hull 

 rendered her unfit — but she was able, thanks to the skilful 

 navigation of her captain and officers, and with the assistance of 

 a picked crew of England's sailors, to extend her dredging and 

 sounding operations beyond the limits which had baffled former 

 navigators, to cross the Antarctic Circle at a point not touched 



