APPENDIX. 333 



Lastly, the Western Australian and tlic Kowrarcga so 

 closely agree in the use of the numeral two for the dual 

 pronoun, that each applies it in the same manner. In the 

 third person it stands alone, so that in W. Australian hoala, 

 and in Kowrarega/?aZe^f7ie?/ two, just as if in English we 

 said i)(iir or both, instead of they both {he pair) ; whilst in 

 the second person, the pronoun precedes it, and a com- 

 pound is formed ; just as if, in English, we translated the 

 Greek af^toji by thou pair or thou both. 



1. 



Singular nga-tu^=^I, me. 



Dual albei=we two, us two. 



Plural arri=we, us. 



Here the plural and dual are represented not by a modi- 

 fication of the singular but by a new word; as different 

 from vga as nos is from ego. The tu, of course, is non- 

 radical, the Gudang form being ngai. 



Nga, expressive of the first person, is as common as ngi, 

 equivalent to the second. Thus, nga-w?/«, nga-^oa, nga-z, 

 nga-pe=/, me, in the W. Australian, N. S. Wales, Parn- 

 kalla, and Encounter Bay dialects. 



Now, the difference between the first and second per- 

 sons being expressed by different modifications {nga, vgi,) of 

 the same root {ng), rather than by separate words, sug- 

 gests the inquiry as to the original power of that root. It 

 has already been said that, in many languages, the pro- 

 noun of the third person is, in origin, a demonstrative. In 

 the Kowrarega it seems as if even the basis of the first 

 and second was the root of the demonstrative also ; since, 

 by looking lower down in the list, we find that i-na=this, 

 che-na=that, and nga-du {nga in Gudang) = who. Ina 

 and chena also means here and there, respectively. 



The dual form albei reappears in the Yak-kumban dia- 



