2146 



ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. 



PART 111. 



tae^nia comitana is also common 

 amongst fir trees. Eudorea resinea 

 Hmv. frequents the trunks of firs 

 and pines. De Geer has figured the 

 natural history of OrthotEehiia re- 

 sinella Linn. The caterpillars of 

 this beautiful little moth reside in 

 resinous galls, which they produce 

 at the tips of the young shoots of 

 the fir. Fig. 2017. exhibits one of 

 these galls j in which a represents 

 the withered bud at its extre- 

 mity ; b, one of these galls opened, ^ 

 showing the internal cavity en- 

 closing the caterpillar; and c, the/ 

 moth. The pseudo-caterpillars of I 

 several of the species of the genus 

 Lophjrus (belonging to the family of the saw-flies, Zfenthredinida;) also feed 

 upon the leaves of the pine. De Geer has given full details of their history. 

 (Memoires, torn. ii. pi. 36.) The males of this interesting genus are dis- 

 tinguished by having the antennae very deeply bipectinated. L. pini, according 

 to Rossmassler, is attached to old trees of Pinus sylvestris. The singular 

 hymenopterous genus Xyela of Dalman, was named Pinicola by Brebison, 

 in consequence of the species being found exclusively upon the pine. 



In addition to the preceding, there are numerous other small insects, be- 

 longing to different orders, which inhabit trees of the genus Pinus ; namely, 

 A^phis pini and pineti, Eriosoma abietis. Coccus abietis, Psjlla abietis and 

 pini, and Mantinea (Pachymerus) abietis, belonging to the Linnaean order 

 Hemiptera; a small midge (Cecidomyia pini), which produces small galls on 

 the young stems in which its larva resides (De Geer, Mem., torn vi. t. 26.) : 

 and belonging to the Coleoptera are, Cryptocephalus pini, Brachyonyx indi- 

 gena, Brachjderes incanus, and Magdalis violaceus (all of whose histories 

 are detailed by Ratzeburg) ; as well as Cjphon pini and Malthinus Pinicola. 

 Parasites and Epiphytes. Among the plants which live on the pine and fir 

 tribe, may be included the mistletoe in Europe, and the Arceuthobium Hook. 

 (riscum Oxycedri Dec.) in North America: the former, we believe, has 

 been chiefly found on P. sylvestris and on the silver fir, and the latter on P. 

 Banksiawa and P. ponderosa. For the following enumeration of Fungi that 

 live on the bark, or on the decaying wood, of the pine and fir tribe, we are 

 indebted to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley : — 



Vungi. The natural order Coniferae is very rich in Fungi, and produces 

 many that are peculiar to it, though it has likewise a few species which are 

 found on trees of other orders. We shall first notice those which grow upon 

 species belonging to the genera Pinus, ^^bies, and Larix, treating of those which 

 belong to other Coniferae under their respective genera. It is probable that 

 many pines and firs have species peculiar to them ; but, though this is well 

 known with regard to a few i^ungi, authors have, in general, so loosely indi- 

 cated the kinds which produce particular Fixngi ; and the terms pinicola and 

 abietina are so often applied inaccurately, that it is not always possible to 

 speak decidedly on the subject. 



Upon the wood of different firs and 

 pines, tlie following are among the more 

 interesting or most general species observed 

 in this country : — Jgaricus rutilans Schaff., 

 syn. XeranipcUnus Sow., t. 31., and our 

 fig. 2018., is remarkable for its rich crim- 

 son red downy pilous, tinged occasionally 

 with olive brown, and its yellow floccoso- 

 scrrated gills. This species occasionally ^*"" 



occurs on trees of other natural orders. A. /Vis Berk. Eng. F/., v. p. 56., 



