1358 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART ITI. 
check given to the transpiration of the leaves, which turn yellow, and fall off, 
the tree dying in a few days. Another is the death of the roots, from the 
formation on them of a parasitic fungus. In both cases, nothing is to be 
done, but to remove the tree, and replant. The leaves are also apt to be 
attacked with honey-dew, mildew, rust, and other diseases, which render them 
unfit for the food of the silkworm. The leaves covered with honey-dew may 
be washed, and, when thoroughly dry, given to the insects without injury ; but 
the other diseased leaves should be thrown away. If leaves covered with 
ey ee are given to silkworms without washing, they cause dysentery and 
death. 
Statistics. The largest white mulberry trees in England are at Syon, where there is one 45 ft. high ; 
diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 10 in., and ofthe head 59 ft. ; and which iscovered with fruit every year. 
At Kenwood is one, 38 years planted, which is 33 ft. high; diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 1 in., and of the 
head 28 ft. In Hertfordshire, at Cheshunt, 7 years planted, it is 10 ft. high; diameter of the trunk 
2in., and of the head 6ft. In Oxfordshire, in the Oxford Botanic Garden, 20 years planted, it is ‘20 ft. 
high ; diameter of the trunk 9 in., and of the head 20 ft. In Suffolk, at Ampton Hall, y years planted, it 
is 9 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 2 in., and of the head 5ft. In Worcestershire, at Croome, 35 years 
planted, it is 40 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 12in., and of the head 40 ft. In Scotland, in Forfar- 
shire, at Airlie Castle, 8 years planted, it is 8 ft. high; in Perthshire, at Kinfauns Castle, 8 years 
planted, itis 5 ft. high; in Ross-shire, at Brahan Castle, 25 years planted, it is 10 ft. high. In Ireland, 
at Terenure, near Dublin, 8 years planted, itis 6 ft. high. In France, in the Jardin des Plantes, 35 years 
planted, it is 32 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk #ft., and of the head 36ft.; in the Botanic Gar- 
den, Toulon, 30*years old, it has a trunk 2 ft. 7 in. incircumference. In Saxony, at Worlitz, 50 years 
old, it is 40 ft. high, with a trunk 23 ft. in diameter. In Austria, at Vienna, in the University Botanic 
Garden, 30 years planted, it is 45 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 24 ft.; in 
Rosenthal’s Nursery, 18 years old, it is 30 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 4in., and of the head 
25ft.; at Hadersdorf, 30 years old, it is 18 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 10 in., and of the head 2 ft. ; 
at Briick on the Leytha, 27 years planted, it is 30 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 8 in., and ‘of the 
head 1% ft. In Prussia, at Berlin, at Sans Souci, 25 years old, it is 9ft. high; the diameter of the 
trunk 3in. In Denmark, at Rosenberg, near Copenhagen, 10 years planted, it is 10ft. high. In 
Sweden, at Lund, in the Botanic Garden, it is 18 ft. high, with a trunk 52 in, in diameter. In Italy, 
at Monza, 200 years old, it is 40 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk is 3 ft., and of the head 50 ft. 
Commercial Statistics. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, from Ls. 6d. 
to 2s. 6d.each: at Bollwyller, plants three years old, and transplanted, are 10s. 
per thousand ; two years old, 5s. per thousand: at New York, single plants 
are 374 cents; and M. a. multicaulis is from 25 to 30 dollars per hundred, 
according to the size of the plants. 
The best works on the culture of the white mulberry and the silkworm are, 
Dandolo’s Dell’ Arte di governare i Bacchi da Seta, Milan; Castelet’s Traité 
sur le Miérier blanc, Paris: Grognier’s Recherches Historiques et Statisques 
sur le Maurier, le Ver ad Soie, et la Fabrication de la Soierie, &c., Lyons ; 
Bonafous’s Mémoire sur une Education de Vers & Soie, &c., Paris; Kenrick’s 
American Silk-Grower’s Guide, Boston; Cobb’s Manual of the Mulberry Tree, 
&c., Massachusetts ; Dr. Pascalis’s Treatise on the Mulberry, &c., New York ; 
and Murray’s Observations on the Silkworm, London. 
* 3. M.(a.)CONSTANTINOPOLITA‘NA Poir. The Constantinople Mulberry Tree. 
Identification. Poir. Encyc., 4. p. 381. ; Spreng. Syst. Vég., 1. p. 492. 
Synonyme. M. byzantina Sied. 
Engraving. N. Du Ham., 4. t. 24. 
Spec. Char., &c. Leaves broadly ovate, heart-shaped at the base, undivided, serrate, 3-nerved ; 
glabrous on both surfaces, except at the axils of the veins on the under one, where they are 
villous. Male flowers in fascicles. (Spreng. Syst. Vég., i. p. 492.) This is a low branching tree, 
seldom exceeding the height of 10 ft. or 15 ft. ; a native of Turkey, Greece, and Crete ; which has 
been long cultivated in the Jardin des Plantes, but which was not introduced into England till 
1818. The fruit is short, thick, and, according to Du Hamel, of a deep red, and insipid taste. The 
leaves are very good for silkworms. This alleged species is considered as only a variety of M. alba 
by Bosc (Nouv. Cours d’Agric., ix.) ; who says that it is easily recognised by its rough, furrowed, 
stunted trunk ; its thick and short branches ; its leaves, which are always entire; and its solitary 
very white fruit. It is, he adds, a real monster (un véritable monstre, mais qui se propage toujours 
le méme). We have little doubt of its being only a variety of M. alba. Du Hamel’s description and 
that of Bosc agree in every particular, except the colour of the fruit. According to M. Madiot, in 
the Journal de la Société d’ Agriculture Pratique, M. a. pumila (p. 1350.) was obtained from seeds of 
M. (a.) constantinopolitana. Plants of M. constantinopolitana, in the Bollwyller Nursery, are 3 
francs each ; at New York, 50 cents. 
4 4. M. (a.) Tata’rica Pal. The Tartarian Mulberry Tree. 
Identification. Pall. F1. Ross, 2. p. 9. t.52.; Lin. Sp. Pl., 1399. ; Mill. Dict., No. 7.; Willd. Sp. Pl., 
4, p. 369. 
Rageatlige. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. t. 52.; and our fig. 1225. ; both sprigs taken from one tree. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves, with a shallow scallop at the base, and either 
heart-shaped, ovate, or lobed; serrated with equal teeth, smooth; the pro- 
