CHAP, C. URTICA‘CER. MO‘RUS. 1359 
jecting portions beside the 
sinus equal. Very closely 
akin to M. alba L., and, per- © < 
haps, originally produced from * 
that species. It inhabits places 
inundated by the waters of 
the rivers Wolga and Ta- 
nais, or Don. (Willd. Spec. 
Pl., iv. p. 369.) A deciduous 
tree, growing to the height 
of 20 ft.; and introduced in 
1784. In the American Silk- 
Grower's Guide, it is stated 
that the fruit is black, and 
resembles that of JZ. nigra. 
Gerber, also, says that it is 
black. “ Pallas speaks of it 
as reddish or pale, of no good 
flavour, though it is eaten raw in Tartary, as well as dried, or made into @ 
sweetmeat. A wine is also prepared from it, and avery well-flavoured spirit. 
This species is reported to be most esteemed for silkworms in China.” 
(Smith in Rees’s Cyclopedia.) In America, M. tatarica is considered to make 
the finest silk. According to a writer in the Annales de Fromont, the M. 
tatarica is, as we have already observed (p. 1349.), nearly related to M. a. 
multicalis. From the trees, or rather large shrubs, bearing this name 
in the Kew Garden, we confess our inability to fix on any permanent 
distinction between them and J. Alba, as far as the leaves are concerned : 
the fruit we have never seen. Plants, in the London nurseries, are 2s. 6d. 
each; at Bollwyller, 1 franc 50 cents; at New York, 75 cents. 
¥ 5. M. ru‘pra L. The red-fruited Mulberry Tree. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. P1., 1399.;, Mill. Dict. No. 4.; Willd. Arb,,197.; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. 
3 Mi hie i Amer. Sept., 2. p. 639. ; Wangenh. Amer., p. 37. t. 15. £. 35.; Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. 
Bs . Sp. Pl, 4. p. 369.; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 91. 
Synonymes. M. virginica Pluk. Alm., p. 253., Du Ham. Arb., 2. p. 24; M. pennsylvanica Nois. Arb. 
Fruit., Lodd. Cat., edit. 1836. 
Engravings. Wangenh. Amer., t. 15. f. 35. ; Pluk. Alm,, t. 246. f. 4. ; and the plate in our last Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Sexes polygamous. (Kalm Act. Suec., 1776.) Sexes diceci- 
ous. (Gronov. Virg., 146.) Spikes of female flowers cylindrical. Catkins 
[? of male flowers] of the length of those of the common birch (Bétula 
alba L.). Leaves heart-shaped, ovate, acuminate, 3-lobed, or palmate ; 
serrated with equal teeth, rough, somewhat villous; under surface very 
tomentose, and, in consequence, soft. (Willd. Sp. Pl.) A tree, a native of 
North America, from Canada to Florida; varying in height from 40 ft. to 70 ft. 
“Cultivated here, according to Parkinson’s Paradisus, p. 596., early in the 
seventeenth century. He says, it grows quickly with us to a large tree, and 
that the fruit is long, red, and pleasantly tasted.” (Smith in Rees’s Cyclo- 
pedia.) It flowers in July. This tree is named MM. pennsylvanica in the 
Horticultural Society’s Garden, and in Loddiges’s arboretum. It appears 
very distinct from any of the preceding sorts, in the spreading umbelliferous 
appearance of the branches, the flat, heart-shaped, very rough-surfaced 
leaves, which are almost always entire, but which, nevertheless, are occasion- 
ally found as much lobed and cut as those of any other of the genus. 
This we witnessed in September, 1836, in the specimen tree in the Hack- 
ney arboretum. 
Description, §c. M. rubra attains by far a greater size, as a tree, than any 
other species of Morus. It is seldom found, in a wild state, less than 40 ft. 
in height; and, in some parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia, it is often 60 ft. 
or 70 ft. high, or more, and with a trunk 2{t. and upwards in diameter. The 
“leaves are large, sometimes entire, and sometimes divided into 2 or 3 
4u 
