136¢. ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
lobes; rounded, cordiform, and denticulated; of a dark green colour, a thick 
texture, and a rough uneven surface.” (Miche. Syl. Amer., ii. p. 51.) They 
are the worst of all the kinds of mulberry leaves for feeding silkworms. The 
fruit is of a deep red colour, an oblong form, and an agreeable, acidulous, 
sugary taste. The trunk of the red mulberry is covered with a greenish 
bark, more furrowed than that of the oaks and hickories. The perfect wood 
(which is fine-grained and compact, though light,) is of a yellowish hue, 
approaching to lemon colour. “It possesses strength and solidity; and, 
when perfectly seasoned, it is almost as durable as that of the locust, to which, 
by many persons, it is esteemed equal.” (Michx.) It, however, grows more 
slowly, and requires a richer soil, it being generally found in valleys, at 
a distance from the sea. It is a common opinion among shipwrights and 
carpenters, that the wood of the male mulberry is more durable, and of a 
better quality, than that of the female; but Michaux does not appear to 
credit this supposition ; which, indeed, evidently cannot be depended_ on, as 
the male and female flowers are very often found on the same tree. The red 
mulberry is well deserving of cultivation as an ornamental tree, from its 
thick and shady foliage; and as a fruit tree, from the agreeable flavour of its 
fruit. Miller mentions a plant of this species in the garden of Fulham 
Palace, which, in 1731, had been there for several years without producing any 
fruit ; but which, at some seasons, produced a great number of catkins, much 
like those of the hazel nut; which occasioned Ray to give it the name 
of Cérylus. (Dict., ed. 1.) On enguiving for this tree in 1834, we found 
nothing known about it. It is generally said that no insect feeds on the mul- 
berry but the silkworm. In Smith and Abbott’s work on the insects of 
Georgia, however, a specimen is given of the red mulberry, with the small 
ermine moth (Phalz‘na punctatfssima) feeding on it. (See Insects of Georgia, 
vol. ii. t. 70.) 
? Variety. 
* M. canadénsis Lam. Dict., iv. p. 380., seems to be a variety of MZ. rubra. 
(Smith in Rees’s Cyclopedia.) 
Statistics. In the environs of London, almost the only plants that we know are those mentioned 
as inthe Horticultural Society’s Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges ; the latter being 8ft. 
or 10 ft. high, and the former 16 ft. high. In Durham, at Southend, 30 years planted, it is 20 ft, high, 
against a wall; diameter of trunk 12in., and of the head 21 ft. not trained. In Oxfordshire, in the 
Oxford Botanic Garden, 40 years old, it is 12 ft. high against a wall; diameter of the trunk 10 in., and 
of the head 30 ft. In France, in the Jardin des Plantes, 50 years planted, itis 45 ft. high ; the diameter 
of the trunk 1 ft., and that of the head 38 ft. In Italy, at Monza, 60 years old, it is 26 ft. high ; the 
diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and of the head 30 ft. 
Commercial Statistics. Price of plants, in London, 2s. each; at Bollwylier, 
francs; at New York, 374 cents. 
* 6. M. (R.) sca‘pra Willd. The rough-/eaved Mulberry Tree. 
Tepraanentsoe Willd. ; Spreng. Syst. Veget., 1. p. 492.; Nutt. Gen. N. Amer, Pl. ; Lodd. Cut., ed. 
Synonyme. M. canadensis Poir. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves rough on both surfaces, heart-shaped, 5-cleft; the 
lobes acuminated to the tip, tapered to the base, and serrated with equal 
teeth. A native of North America. (Spreng. Syst. Veg.) A tree, growing 
to the height of 20 ft. Introduced in i817; and, from the appearance of the 
plant bearing this name in the Horticultural Society’s Garden (which, in 
1836, was 8ft. high), doubtless only a variety of, or possibly identical 
with, JZ. rubra. 
App. i. Half-hardy Species of Morus. 
M. indica L. is near M. alba; but its leaves are not heart-shaped at the base. (Wilidenou: Sp. Pl.) 
This name occurs in Mr. Royle’s list (see p. 175.), ** Rumphius says that the fruit is delicately fla- 
voured, and black when ripe; and that the Chinese feed their silkworms with the leaves, Loureiro 
mentions the same practice of the inhabitants of Cochin-China,who replant the tree every year, that 
the foliage may be tender.” (Smith in Rees’s Cyclopedia.) 
M. mauritiana Jacq. has the leaves oblong, entire, tapered to both ends, and rough. The leaves of 
young plants are fiddle-shaped. (Willdenow Sp. Pi.) “* A large and strong tree. Fruit green, sweet, 
with some acidity ; 1} in. or 2in, long, The French call this tree la rape, or the rasp tree of Ma- 
