CHAP. C. URTICA CEA. FI‘CUS. 1365 
leaves of the mulberry. In the course of feeding, 15 silkworms wandered 
away or died ; and, during the time of spinning, 20 more died, the latter be- 
coming black, rotten, and reduced to a liquid. The cocoons were not ready 
till some days after those of the worms fed on mulberry leaves: only 5 of 
them were quite perfect, but several others were tolerably so; and from all 
these the silk was reeled easily, and was of excellent quality. Other experi- 
ments have been tried in Italy, but with still less favourable results. (Odto’s 
Garten Zeitung, vol. ili. p. 292.) |The tree is perfectly hardy about Philadel- 
phia, and also in the climate of London; where, when cut down after having 
been two or three years established, it throws up shoots 6 ft. or 8 ft. in 
length, and nearly 4 in. in diameter, with fine, broad, shining, succulent leaves. 
Hitherto it has had no proper trial as a standard in England, having been 
originally considered tender, and planted against a wall; but we have no doubt 
it will, in time, become a valuable timber tree of the second rank. It is 
propagated with the greatest ease by cuttings of the roots, or by layers; and 
it will grow in any common soil. 
Statistics. In the environs of London, the largest plant, as a standard, is a female tree in the Ham- 
mersmith Nursery, which is nearly 16ft. high. In our garden at Bayswater, a female plant, against a 
wall, is about the same height. At Kew, one against a wall is 12 ft. high. In Staffordshire, at 
Blithefield, in 1834, it was 6 ft. high against a wall. In France, in the Jardin des Plantes, 10 years 
planted, it is 18 ft. high ; in the nursery of M. Sidy, at Lyons, where it has fruited, it is 25ft. high ; 
at Villers la Bacle, 8 years planted, it is 15 ft. high ; in the Botanic Garden at Toulon, 5 years planted, 
it is 12 ft. high. In Austria, at Briick on the Leytha, 10 years planted, it is6ft. high. In Italy, at 
Monza, the female tree, 6 years planted, was, in 1835, 16 ft. high, and fruited for the first time. In 
North America, at Philadelphia, the four largest trees are those mentioned as in Mrs, M‘Mahon’s 
Nursery ; and there are also large trees in Landreth’s Nursery, which, in 1851, ‘* were full of fruit.” 
In Virginia, at Beaverdam, a female tree, with a globular head, yielded, in 1835, 150 fruit, many of 
which weighed 18 oz. or 190z. each. (Amer. Gard. Mag., 2. p.9.) 
Commercial Statistics. Plants,in the London nurseries, are 2s. each; at New 
York, female plants are 1 dollar, and male plants 2 dollars, each. 
Genus IV. 
»| 
FUCUS Tourn. Tue Fie Trer. Lin. Syst. Polygimia Dice‘cia. 
Identification. Tourn. ; T. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. Pl. Fl. Germ., fasc. 3. No, 6.; Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. 
p. 1131.; Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 178. 
Synonymes. Figuier, Fr.; Feigenbaum, Ger. 
Derivation. Some derive Ficus from feecundus, on account of its abundant bearing ; and others from 
sukos (Greek), or fag (Hebrew), the names for the fig tree in those languages. ‘The fig tree has 
nearly the same name in all the European languages. 
Description, §c. The species are all trees, natives of warm climates, and 
remarkable, in a popular point of view, for having their flowers concealed by 
the fleshy receptacle known as the fruit. The sycamore of Scripture (Ficus 
Sycémorus L.) is a species of fig, a native of Egypt, where it is a timber tree 
exceeding the middle size, and bearing edible fruit. A large tree of this 
species is figured in the Picture Bible, vol. ii. p. 181. The only species which 
will endure the open air in Britain is the J. Carica, or common garden fig. 
These two species are the only ones which produce eatable fruit. It is men- 
tioned in the Nouveau Du Hamel, that the receptacle which forms the fruit of 
the fig is not always entire and connivent ; but that there are some few sorts 
in which the fruit constantly opens when it approaches maturity; dividing 
ordinarily into four parts, which expand like the petals of a flower, to such 
an extent, that each division becomes perpendicular to the peduncle. The 
varieties which exhibit this singularity are called the Barnissotes and the 
Verdales. (N. Du Ham., tom. iv. p. 198., note.) 
21. F. Ca’rica L. The common Fig Tree. 
ameeticetion. Lin. Sp., 1513.; Willd. Sp., 4. p. 1131. ; Lam. Dict., 2,; Mill. Ic., t. 73. p. 489.; N.D 
am., 4. p. 198. 
pT cen lpalg F.comminis Bauh, Pin., 457.; F. himilis and F. sylvéstris Tourn. Ins?., 663.; Figuier 
commun, Fr, ; Gemeine Feigenbaum, Ger. , 
4u 4 
