1372 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART Ill. 
from a bud peculiar to it; the flowers of the group situated each upon a 
peduncle, or each upon a pedicel, and disposed a few together upon short 
peduncles, or situated in both modes. Flowers bisexual, or a few of them 
male: both kinds upon one plant. Calyx reddish, distinct from the ovary, 
top-shaped, or bell-shaped, of one piece, but having 5 or 4—8 segments, which 
are imbricate in zstivation; remaining until the fruit falls. Stamens as 
many as the segments ; inserted into the lower part of the calyx, oppositely 
to the segments, and prominent beyond them: anthers opening lengthwise, 
outwardly (Smith), inwardly (T. Nees ab Esenbeck). Ovary elliptic- 
oblong, compressed, cloven at the summit, having two cells and a pendulous 
ovule in each. Style very short, or there is not one. Stigmas 2, acuminate, 
villous on the inner face. — Fruit a samara, and this compressed, more or 
less round or oval, and having the wing-like part membranous, broad, and 
present all round, except in a notch, whose base is the place of the attach- 
ment of the stigmas. Seed: 1 in a samara, pendulous: in many instances, 
it is not perfected. Embryo not attended by albumen, straight, its radicle 
uppermost.— Species several : wild in Europe, North America, and India; 
one or more in Asia, one in China. Trees: some of the species attaining 
great size and age. Bark rugged. Wood hard. Branches twiggy. Flowers 
small. Leaves alternate, in 2 ranks, feather-veined; in most, unequal at 
the base, annual, serrate, and harsh to the touch. Stipules oblong, 
deciduous. Leaves within the bud folded lengthwise, in 2 portions, 
upright, with scales between leaf and leaf. (TJ. Nees ab Esenbeck, Gen. 
Pl. Fl. Germ.; Smith, Engl. Flor.; Duby et Decand. Bot. Gallic.; and 
observations.) 
Pia’NER4 Gmelin. Sexes polygamous, or each in a distinct flower; in each 
case, upon the same plant.— Female and bisexual flowers. Calyx bell-shaped, 
distinct from the ovary, membranous, green, of one piece, but having 5ciliate 
lobes. Stamens, in the bisexual flower, 4—5 less developed than those in the 
male flower. Ovary top-shaped, villous. Stigmas 2, sessile, diverging, white, 
pimpled. Fruit roundish, gibbous, pointed, dry, 2-celled, each cell contain- 
ing 1 seed. — Male flower. Calyx as in the female and bisexual flowers. 
Stamens 4—5, inserted near the centre of the bottom of the calyx, and 
oppositely to its lobes. Anthers reaching a little beyond the lobes of the 
calyx, borne outwardly to the filament, of 2 lobes that seem as 4, and 2 cells 
that open sidewise and lengthwise. —In P. Gmelini the fruits are im heads; 
and in P. Richardi nearly solitary.—Species 2—? 3. Trees: natives of 
Asia and North America. Leaves alternate and more or less ovate and 
toothed ; feather-veined and annual ; and the flowers small, and not showy. 
P. Richard: has stipules: which are straight, pointed, villous, and soon fall 
off. This species has united by ingrafting with the elm. (Turpin and 
Michaux.) 
Cr’Lt1s Tourn. Flowers borne upon the shoots of the year, axillary; either 
solitary, or 2—3 together, each, in any case, upon a peduncle; or from 2 to 
many, in a raceme or panicle: in the kinds hardy in Britain, the flowers 
are protruded just previously to the leaves to which they, or the fruits, are 
afterwards axillary: bisexual, or, less commonly, by the imperfection of 
the pistil, only male in effect ; both kinds upon one plant, and when they 
occur in the same raceme, the latter are the lower. Calyx bell-shaped, 
distinct from the ovary, 5—6-parted, the segments imbricate in zstivation. 
Stamens 5—6, inserted into the base of the calyx, oppositely to its lobes, 
and they are shorter than the lobes. Filaments at first incurved. Anthers 
cordate-acuminate; the cells 2, opening at the sides. Ovary ovate, 1-celled. 
Stigmas 2, sessile, acuminate, long, spreading or recurved, downy or 
glanded, simple or 2-parted. Fruit a drupe, subglobose. Ovule and seed, 
each I, and pendulous. Embryo sickle-shaped, its radicle uppermost: traces 
of subgelatinous albumen are between the cotyledons.—Species 19 or more ; 
1 wild in Europe, the north of Africa, and Iberia; in the Levant; and 2 in 
China; 4 in North America; some in the West Indies and South America; 
