CHAP. Cl. ULMA CEA. U’LMUS. 1377 
own. It was raised in 1817, by Mr. Masters. The stems are 
erect ; and it does not appear likely to exceed 30 ft. in height. It 
produces an abundance at twigs, and these are in great part pendu- 
lous, whence its name. There is a fine tree of this variety in the 
Horticultural Society’s Garden, which, in 1834, when we had a 
drawing taken of it, was 30 ft. high. 
* U.c. 13 parvifolia; U. parvifolia Jac, Pl. Rar, Hort. Schenbr., iii. p. 261. 
~ 
t. 262., Poir. Encycl. Suppl., iv.p. 189., Ram. et Schult. Syst. Veg., 
vi. p. 302., Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol., i. p. 295., Willd. Baumz.,i.p. 
521.; U. microphylla Pers.; U. pumila var. 8 (transbaicalénsis) Padl. 
Ross.,i. p. 76. t.48.; U. pumila Willd. Sp. Pl.,i. p. 1326., Ait. Hort. 
Kew., Gmel. Sib., iii. p. 105. No. 82., Poiret Encyc. Méth., iv. p. 612. 
Reem, et Schult. Syst. Veg., vi. p. 202.; U. p. 
foliis parvis, &c., Pluk Alm, p. 293.; U. 
himilis Znxum. Stirp. Ruth., p. 180. No. 260.; 
and our fig. 1230.— A tree, according to 
Pallas, who mentions several varieties of it, 
very common in all the woods of the south 
of Russia, and varying in height from that 
of a middle-sized tree to that of a diminu- 
tive shrub, according to the soil and climate 
in which it grows. It is very plentiful about 
Caucasus; through Siberia, it gradually be- 
comes more scarce ; but it occurs again about 
the Lake Baikal, where the inhabitants use 
the leaves as a substitute for tea. It has 
been treated by most botanists as a species ; 
but it is not nearly so distinct from U. cam- 
péstris as U.c. viminalis, which we know 
to have been raised, by Mr. Masters, from 
seeds of the common English elm. The wood of this variety, ac- 
cording to Pallas, when it assumes a tree-like form, is very hard and 
tough ; and it is veined with transverse lines. The root is also 
beautifully variegated, and used by the turner and cabinet-maker. 
One of the subvarieties mentioned by Pallas has the bark somewhat 
fungous or corky; another has the branches slender, wand-like, and 
of a whitish grey. In mountain rocks, the branches are short and 
thick ; but, in sandy soils, the trees are small, and the shoots slender. 
* U. c. 14-planifilia, U. planifolia Hort., and the plate of this tree in our last 
Volume, is a handsome small tree, closely resembling the preceding 
variety. 
* U. c. 15 chinénsis ; U. chinénsis Pers.,i. p. 291. No. 9., Ram. et Schult. 
Syst. Veg., vi. p. 303.; Thé de P Abbé Gallois, Orme nain, F’r.; and 
our fig. 1231.; is a low bush, introduced from China, 123] 
but when is uncertain. Notwithstanding the circum- te 
stance of its being kept in green-houses in some cases, ; 
and retaining its leaves there through the winter, we 
cannot consider it as anything else than a variety of 
U. campéstris. We are confirmed in this opinion by 
Mr. Main, who brought home some plants of this sort 
from China, and found them stand the rigour of our 
winters -in the garden of his friend, the Rev. Mr. 
Norris of Grove Street, Hackney. (See Gard. Mag., 
vol. i. p. 139.) We believe it to be the same sort 
which is sometimes imported from China, in the form 
of a miniature old tree, planted in a China vase. 
While retained in these vases, and sparingly supplied 
with nourishment, it maintains its stunted figure; but, 
planted out in the free soil, in a favourable situation, in « year or two 
4x 2 
