1378 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART 111. 
it will make shoots 5 ft. or 6 ft. long, as may be seen in the garden of 
the London Horticultural Society. The manner in which the Chinese 
procure these miniature trees is, by ringing the-extremities of the 
branches of old trees, and then applying a ball of loam, kept moist 
by water and moss, till roots are thrown out from the callosity 
formed at the ring ; when the small branch is cut off, and planted 
in a porcelain pot, either, says Mr. Main, “round, or, most commonly, 
an elongated square, 12 in. or 14 in. long, 8in. wide, and about 5 in. 
in depth. Along with the tree they place pieces of stone, to re- 
present rocks, among which moss and lichens are introduced. The 
tree, thus planted, is not allowed to rise higher than about | ft. or 
15 in.; no greater supply of water is given than is just sufficient to 
keep it alive; and, as the pot soon acts as a prison, its growth is 
necessarily impeded : at the same time, every means are used to check 
its enlargement. The points of the shoots, and the half of every 
new leaf, are constantly and carefully cut off; the stem and branches, 
which are allowed to extend only a certain length, are bound and 
fantastically distorted, by means of wire; the bark is lacerated to 
produce protuberances, asperities, and cracks; one branch is partly 
broken through, and allowed to hang down, as if by accident; another 
is mutilated to represent a dead stump: in short, every exertion of 
the plant is checked by some studied violence or other. This treat- 
ment produces, in course of time, a perfect forest tree in miniature. 
Stunted and deformed by the above means, it certainly becomes a 
curious object, bearing all the marks of extreme old age. Its 
writhed and knotty stem, weather-stained and scabrous bark; its 
distorted and partly dead branches; its diminutive shoots and 
leaves; all give it the aspect of antiquity. Various kinds of trees 
are chosen for this purpose; but the two most commonly met with 
are the U’Imus (campéstris) parvifolia sinénsis, and a species of Ficus, 
very much like F, indica.” (Gard. Mag., vol. ii. p. 139.) Grafted 
standard high on the common English elm, the Chinese elm would 
form a very handsome small tree. The French name, Thé de ? Abbé 
Gallois, arises from that gentleman, in the reign of Louis XV., having 
imported this plant from China, supposing it to be the real tea tree. 
For a very full account of the Chinese mode of dwarfing trees. 
see Hort Trans., iv. p. 231. 
¥ U. c. 16 cuculldta Hort. has the leaves curiously curved, something like 
ahood. There is a tree in the Horticultural Society’s Garden. 
¥ U. c.17 concavefolia Hort. resembles the preceding kind. There is a 
tree in the Horticultural Society’s Garden. 
¥ U. c. 18 folits atreis Hort. has the leaves variegated with yellow. 
Other Varieties. In Messrs, Loddiges’s Catalogue, ed. 1836, U. c. nana, 
U. c. folits maculatis,U, dubia,U. viscosa, and some others, which are indicated 
as belonging to this species, are mentioned ; but, with the exception of U. 
viscosa, of which there is a tree in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, 
which, in 1834, after being 10 years planted, was 20 ft. high, we can say very 
little of them, on account of the small size of the plants. 
French Varieties. The following sorts are enumerated in the Nouveau Cours d’ Agriculture, and 
in the Dictionnaire des Eaux et Foréts ; and, though we have not been able to identify all of them 
with the English kinds, and think it very probable that some of them do not belong to U. cam- 
péstris, yet we have thought it right to place the names before our readers ; in order that collectors 
of these interesting trees may endeavour to procure them, with a view to adding to the varieties 
now in cultivation. ' 
I’ Orme a Feuilles larges et rudes, the rough broad-leaved Elm. 
L’Orme Tell, VOrme} Tilleul, VOrme de Hollande ; the British, or Lime Tree, Elm.—The 
leaves are not so rough as those of some of the other varieties. 
L’ Ormille, UV Orme nain, the dwarf Elm, with small, narrow, rough leaves. 
L’Orme a Feuilles lisses et glabres, the shining smooth-leaved Elm, has the leaves of a 
blackish green, leathery, and unequally divided by the midrib. 
Le petit Orme a Feuilles panachées de blanc. 
L’ Orme & Feuilles lisses panachées de blanc, the shining silvery-leaved Elm. 
Le petit Orme @ Feuilles panachécs de jaune, the dwarf golden-leaved Elm. 
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