CHAP. Cl. ULMA‘CE.  U’LMUS. 1397 
#5. U.erru’sa Willd, The spreading-branched Elm. 
Identification. Willd. Arb., 393. ; Sp. Pl., 1. p. 1525.; Spreng. Syst.Veg., 1. p. 930. ; Roem. et Schult. 
Syst. Veg., 6. p. 300.; Rees’s Cyclo., No. 6.; Fl. Frane., 3. p. 316. ; Duby et Dec. Bot. Gall, 1. p. 422. 
Synonymes. U. ciliata Ehrh. Arb., 72., Sm. Engl. Fil., 2. 5 23,, incidentally ; U. pedunculata Lam. 
Dict., No. 2., Suppl., 4. p. 187.; U. octandra Schk. Bot. Handb., 178. t. 67. ; U. fdlio latissimo, &c., 
Buxb. Hal., 340.; U. \e*vis Pal. Ross., vol. 1. p. 75. ; VOrme pedonculé, Fr. 8 
Engravings. Schk. Handb., t. 57.; Hayne, t. 29. ; our fig. 1242.; and the plates of this tree in our 
last Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves mostly resembling those of the U. montana, but 
quite smooth on the upper side; unequal at the base, doubly serrated. 
Flowers on drooping stalks, Stamens in a flower 6—8. Samara elliptic, 
deeply cloven, strongly fringed with coarse dense hairs. (Smith in Rees’s 
Cycl., and in Eng. Fl.) A native of Europe, chiefly in the south of France, 
and in the Caucasus; flowering in April and May. When it was intro- 
duced is uncertain. 
Description, §c. This species is very distinct, even when the tree is bare 
of leaves, as will be seen bycomparing the winter tree of it, in our last Volume, 
with that of U. montana major depicted at the same season. In spring and 
summer, it is equally marked by the long droop- A 
ing peduncles of its flowers, and its hairy sa- 
maras. It expands its leaves, according to M. 
De Foucault, at least three weeks sooner than 
any other kind of elm, and a month sooner 33 
than some of the varieties. Its leaves are at 
large, and of a beautiful light shining green. 
The trunk resembles that of U. montana more 
than that of U. campéstris ; forming numerous 
branches, and a spreading head. The buds are 
long, sharply pointed, and greenish ; while in 
the U. campéstris they are short, obtuse, and 
covered with greyish hairs. (Annales Fores- 
tiéres for 1811.) It is anative of Russia, where 
it becomes a large tree; and has a much wider : 
geographical range than, U. campéstris, being, it would appear, one of the 
hardiest of European elms; and it has been found in the forests near Soissons, 
and in some other parts of France. The first botanist who mentioned this 
tree was Pallas; and, about the same time, it was described, at length, by M. 
Fougeroux de Bondaroy, in the Mémoires de ? Académie des Sciences for 1784. 
Pallas states that the wood is very hard and durable, and that it is used in 
Russia for all the purposes that the common elm is employed for in Europe. 
Bondaroy says that this sort of elm is very common by the road side, between 
Villars Cotterets and Paris; and also between that city and Cressy. It 
comes into leaf 15 or 20 days before the common elm, and it grows much 
faster. The head is more spreading than that of the common elm; and its 
bark, instead of being furrowed, is smooth. On the whole, he says, the trees 
are so different in their general appearance, that they may be readily distin- 
guished from each other, even without their leaves. The colour of the young 
wood, the buds, and the size, colour, and serrature of the leaves, are re- 
markably like those of the Huntingdon elm; from which circumstance this 
species is probably more nearly allied to U. montana than to U. campéstris. 
As a tree of ornament, it is well worth cultivating for the beauty of its 
leaves, for the distinct character of its spray in winter, and, indeed, for its 
general appearance at all seasons. In British nurseries, it is propagated by 
grafting on U. montana. There are handsome young trees of it in the 
ondon Horticultural Society’s Garden; and there is a tree of it at White 
Knights, in front of the mansion, which is 63 ft. high, the diameter of the 
trunk 22in., and of the head 70ft. This tree, we are informed by the gar- 
dener, Mr. Ward, flowers, but does not ripen seeds, on which account it 
would appear to be allied to U. campéstris; but, though its roots run very 
near the surface, it never throws up a single sucker, and hence it would seem 
to belong rather to U. montana. There are plants at Messrs. Loddiges’s. 
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