1402 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
of June. They ought to be gathered with the hand before they drop, as from 
their lightness and winged appendages, they are very apt to be blown away by 
the wind. Theseeds may either be sown as soon as gathered, in which case, 
many plants will come up the same season; or they may be thinly spread out 
to dry in the shade, and afterwards put up into bags or boxes, and kept in a 
dry place till the following March or April. Sang directs the seeds to be 
chosen from the tallest and most erect and healthy trees; on the sound 
principle, that plants, like animals, convey to their progeny their appearance 
and habits, whether good or bad. Trees, therefore, though having abundance 
of seeds, if they be either visibly diseased, or ill formed, should be passed over 
by the collector: Elm seeds should be gathered the moment they are ripe, which 
is readily known by their beginning to fall. If the gathering is delayed for a 
single day, the seed is liable to be blown off, and scattered by the slightest gale. 
( Plant. Cal., p. 412.) The seeds, whether sown immediately when gathered, 
or in the following spring, ought to be deposited in light or friable rich soil, and 
very thinly, in order that the plants that rise from them may be strong and vigo- 
rous. If they rise too thickly the first year, they are for several years after sensi- 
bly affected, continuing weak, although carefully thinned out. The best form in 
which the seed can be deposited is m beds; and the covering of soil should 
not be more than 4 in. thick. (Jd.,p. 283.) The plants may be transplanted 
into nursery lines, either at the age of one or two years; and they may be 
grafted the following spring. If not intended to be grafted, they may go 
through a regular course of nursery culture, till they have attained the desired 
height ; and they will transplant readily at 20 ft. or 25 ft., though not nearly 
so well at that size as the U. campéstris. Few plants succeed more readily 
by grafting than the elm; so much so, that when the graft is made close to 
the surface of the soil, and the scion tied on with matting, the mere earthing 
up of the plants from the soil in the intervals between the rows will serve as 
a substitute for claying. The graft, in our opinion, should always be made 6 in. 
or 8 in. above the collar, in order to lessen the risk of the scion, when it 
becomes a tree, throwing out roots; which, in the case of all the varieties of 
U. campéstris, would become troublesome by their suckers. 
Statistics. Recorded Trees. Cook { Forest Trees, pref. p. xiv.) mentions a wych elm, which was 
felledin Sir Walter Bagot’s Park, in Staffordshire, which was 120 ft. high, with a trunk 17 ft. in di- 
ameter at the surface of the ground. Itrequired two men five days to fell it ; after which it lay 40 yards 
in length, and was at the stool 17 ft. in diameter. It broke, in the fall, 14 loads of wood ; and had 48 loads 
in the head. It yielded 8 pairs of naves ; 8660 ft. of boards : 
and planks; and the whole was esteemed to weigh 97 tons. 
he Tutbury wych elm is mentioned, in Shaw’s Stafford- 
shire, as forming a magnificent feature, both in the near 
and distant prospect. Strutt, who has given an engraving 
of this tree, of which fig. 1243, is a reduced copy, to the 
scale of 1in. to 50 ft. describes it as having a trunk 12 ft. pay ace 
long, and 16 ft. 9in. in circumference at the height of 5 ft. =< 
from the ground. The trunk divides, at the height of 12ft., “4 
into 8 noble branches, which are nearly 50 ft. high, and 
extend between 50 ft. and 60 ft. from the centre of the tree, 
which contained 689 cubic feet of timber. This tree exists 
still, and the dimensions and contents given by Strutt 
have been confirmed tous by Thomas Turner, Esq., Sud- a Sea 
bury. The wych elm at Bagot’s Mill is also figured by 1243 
Strutt (p. 68.), who says that it is a tree more remark- 
able for its beauty than its size. The largest elms which are known certainly to belong to the 
species U. montana are supposed to be in Scotland. The following dimensions are taken from 
Sang’s Planier’s Calendar ; and the reader may rely on their being of trees of the true U. montana. On 
the estate of Castle Huntly, there are several fine Scotch elms, which girt, at 3 ft. from the ground, 
about 11ft. At Lord Morton’s, Aberdour, Fife, there is a Scotch elm, which measured, March 10. 
1812, 40 ft. length of bole, and in girt;11 ft. Gin. Twoelms, at Yair, in Selkirkshire, girt each, at the 
surface of the ground, 13 ft. An elm tree,in the parish of Roxburgh, in Teviotdale, called the 
Trysting Tree, was measured in 1796 ; and its girt, at 4 ft. from the surface of the ground, was 30 ft. 
An elm, on the lawn at Taymouth Castle, girted, in September, 1814, 15 ft. 9 in. (Sang’s Nicol’s 
Plant. Cal., p. 549.) In Ireland, the wych, or native Irish elm, appears to grow with great vigour. 
Hayes mentions six trees, produced from layers from the stole of a tree felled for that purpose, which 
in 26 years girted from $ft. llin. to 4ft. 9in. at 5ft. from the ground. Three out of these six 
trees would thus, at 26 years’ growth, cut into 12 in. planks. (Pract. Hints on Plant., p. 162.) A Scotch 
elm, remarkable for its fantastic boughs, is figured in Monteith’s Forester’s Guide, pl. 12., and said 
to stand on the estate of Touch, Stirlingshire. ‘“‘ My reason for giving a figure of this tree,” says 
Monteith, “ is, that it proves to demonstration the different crooks and shapes that, by a timely 
attention to the growth of trees, they could be brought to grow to. The'crooked branch of this tree 
had evidently once been the main stem; but was kept down, I am told, by children swinging upon 
it when young. Hence it has, as will, be seen by looking at the dimensions, been breught to form 
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