1408 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
rican elms. Stamens 5—7. Stigmas purplish. Samara, when young, downy 
on both sides. This tree has been introduced, but when is not stated in 
British catalogues. 
Description, §c. The red, or slippery, elm, according to Michaux, bears a 
strong resemblance to the Dutch elm. It forms a tree from 50 ft. to 60 ft. 
high, and I5in. or 20in. in diameter. In the winter, Michaux observes, 
“it is distinguished from the white American elm we 1247 
by its buds, which are larger and rounder; and rT 
which, a fortnight before their developement, are 
covered with a russet down.” The flowers are 
produced in tufts at the extremity of the young 
shoots. The scales which surround the bunches 
of flowers are downy, like the buds. The calyx is 
downy and sessile ; the stamens short, and of a pale 
rose colour. The seeds are large, destitute of fringe, 
round, and very similar to those of the European 
elm; and they ripen very early. The bark is 
brown; and the leaves are oval-acuminate, doubly 
denticulated, and larger, thicker, and rougher than 
those of U. americana. “ Except the maritime 
districts of the Carolinas and Georgia, this species of elm is found in all 
parts of the United States and of Canada.” (Michaux.) “It is less 
abundant than the white American elm ; and the two species are rarely found 
together, as the red elm requires a substantial soil, free from moisture, and 
even delights in elevated and open situations, such as the banks of steep rivers, 
particularly the Hudson and the Susquehanna. The heart-wood is coarser- 
grained and less compact than that of U. americana, and is of a dull red tinge ; 
whence the name of red elm. Even in the branches of 1in. or 2in, in diameter, 
it consists principally of perfect wood. It is the best wood in the United 
States for blocks; and it makes excellent rails, which are of long duration, and 
formed with little labour, as the trunk may be easily and regularly split ; and 
this is probably the reason that it is never employed for the naves of wheels. 
The leayes, and bark of the branches, macerated in water, yield a thick and 
abundant mucilage (whence the name of slippery elm), which is used as a 
refreshing drink for colds, and for emollient plasters, in the place of the marsh 
mallow root, which does not grow in the United States. (Michx.) There 
are small plants bearing the name of U, falva, in Loddiges’s arboretum ; 
but they are scarcely, if at all, distinguishable from U. americana. 
* 1]. U. aua'ta Miche. The Wahoo, or cork-winged, Elm. 
Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 173.5; Arb., 3. p. 275.; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 8. 
aes 127.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 200.; Spreng. Syst. Veg., 1. p. 931.; Rees’s Cycl., 
o. 11. 
Synonymes. U. pimila Walt. Fl. Carol., 111. ; Wahoo, Indians of North America. 
Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. t. 127. ; and our fig. 1248. 
Spec. Char., §c. A middle-sized tree, with leaves like those of the hornbeam 
(CArpinus Bétulus L.). Branches bearing two longitudinal corky wings. 
Leaves with short petioles, and disks that are oblong-oval, narrowed to an 
acute point, almost equal at the base, toothed. Samara downy, bearing a 
dense fringe of hairs at the edge: it is smaller than that of U. americana, 
by the figure in Michaux’s North American Sylva, narrowed to both ends, 
and having an open niche at the upper one. (Miche. N. A. S., Pursh Fi. 
A. S.) A tree, 30 ft. high. Introduced in 1820. 
Description, §c. The wahoo elm is a tree seldom exceeding 30 ft. in height, 
with a diameter of 9in. or 10in. The flowers do not differ materially from those 
of the other elms, The seeds are fringed, and much smaller than those of the 
white American elm, The leaves are oval, doubly denticulated, and rather small. 
The most remarkable part of the tree is, however, a fungous appendage, two 
or three lines wide, attached to the branches throughout their whole length ; 
from which the name of alata (winged) has been given to the species. The 
