CHAP. CI. ULMA‘CE. PLA’NEBA. 1409 
wahoo elm is found only in the lower part of Virginia, in the 
maritime districts of the Carolinas and Georgia,in West 
Tennessee, and in some parts of Kentucky. It is generally 
found on the banks of rivers, and in the great swamps en- 
closed in the pine barrens. The wood is fine-grained, more 
compact, heavier, and stronger than that of U. americana. 
The heart-wood is of a dull chocolate colour, and always 
bears a great proportion to the sap-wood. At Charleston, 
and some other parts of the southern states, it is used for 
the naves of coach wheels; but Michaux says that it is not 
appropriated to any other use. There are small plants in 
Messrs. Loddiges’s collection, which, from the leaves, might 
be taken for those of U.(c.) suberdsa; and the engraving 
in Michaux, from which fig. 1248. is reduced to our usual 
scale, closely resembles the young shoots and leaves of that tree of U. (c.) 
suberdsa in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, of which a plate is given in 
our last Volume. 
App. i. Doubtful Sorts of U’lmus. 
This genus, as observed by Professor Lindley (S: S., p. 227.), is in such a state of confusion, that it 
is impossible to determine what plants are meant by various names extant in botanical works. U. pu- 
béscens Walt. and U. fruticdsa Willd. are of this description. In p. 174., U. integrifdlta and U. virgata 
are mentioned as Himalayan species, 3 pr hardy or half-hardy. In Royle’s Jiust., p. 339., U. 
lancifolia, U. erdsa, which resembles U. effusa, U. laevigata, and U, virgata, are mentioned as natives 
of the Himalayas and other parts of India, and some of them of China. A plant named U. canadénsis, 
in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, has a smooth bark, like U. montana, and appears to be nothing 
more than that species. The Wormiey Grange, or Byford, elm, and the black elm of Ireland, are 
said by Dr. Lindley to be probably other species to add to the British flora. Sir J. E. Smith considers 
the Hertfordshire elm as V. montana; but Dr. Lindley says that it “ is probably a variety of U. cam- 
péstris.” Notwithstanding the utmost attention that we have been able to give to this subject, and 
the communication of specimens from all parts of the country, we have by no means been able to 
draw up this article in a manner perfectly satisfactory to ourselves. Specimens, except in cases 
where they have been gathered from trees by ourselves, and, therefore, serve to remind us of the ge- 
neral appearance and habit of the tree whence they have been taken, we have found in this, as in many 
other cases, to be of comparatively little use. The genus, as Dr. Lindley has observed, must be 
studied during a period of several years, from living plants. An ulmarium, though it would not 
exhibit so much grandeur as a pinetum, so much beauty as an ericetum, nor so much blossom in 
early spring as a salictum, would be incomparably more useful; provided proper space were allowed 
to admit of every tree attaining its natural size and shape, and that, after ten or twelve years, a 
specimen of every tree were cut down, and the wood examined. 
Genus II. 
PPL 
PLA’‘’NERA Gmel, Tue Pranera. Lin. Syst. Polygamia Mone'cia; or 
Tetr-Pent-andria Digynia. 
oan. Gmel, Syst. Nat., 2. p. 2150.; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. p.100.; N. Du Ham., 7. 
p. 65.; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 106.; Lindley Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 179. 
ee dean Rhamnus Pall., Giildenst.; U mus, various authors, as to the Planera Richard?. 
ivation. Named in honour of Planer, professor of botany at Erfurth, who published, in 1788, 
a work entitled Index Plantarum Agri Erfordiensis, in one volume 8vo. 
Description. Deciduous trees and shrubs, natives of Western Asia, and 
North America; quite hardy in British gardens, and readily propagated by 
grafting on the elm, or by layers, in any common soil. 
¥ 1. P. Ricna’rpr Michx. Richard’s Planera, or Zelkoua Tree. 
Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 248.; Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl., 1. p. 187. ; Roem. et 
Schult. Syst. Veg., 6. p. 304.; Desf. Hist. des Arbres et Arbriss., 2. p. 446. 
s. P. crenata Michxr. Mém. sur le Zelkoua; P. carpinifdlia Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 106. ; 
P. crenata Desf.; Rh&mnus carpinifdlius Pad/. Fl. Ross.; A. ulmdides Giildenst. It., 1. ae and 
427.; U'lmus crenata Hort. Par., U.parvifdlia Willd. Baum. ; U. campestris Walt, Carol. 
iil. ; U. polfgama Richard Act. Paris, 1781; U. nemoralis Ait. Hort, Kew., ed. 2., p. 108. ; U. 
liis crenatis basi equalibus, fructu ovoideo, non compresso, Poiret Encyc, Méth., iv. p, 611. ; le 
Zelkoua, or Orme de Sibérie, Fr. ; Richard’s Planere, Ger. 
mapreviogs. Pall. FL. Ross., 1. t. 60. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 106. ; our sig. 1249.; and the plates of 
e tree in our last Volume, 
Spec. Char., §c. Flowers solitary in the axils of leaves ; and both flowers and 
4z 2 
