CHAP. CI. ULMA CER. CE’LTIS. 1417 
other name to C. sinénsis Willd. Schultes has given it that of Willdenoviaina. There being no 
plant bearing the name of C. Willdenovidna in the London gardens, we can say nothing about it. 
¥ 6. C. occ1ipENTA‘LIs L. The western Celtis, or North American Nettle Tree. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. P1.,1478.; Mill. Dict., No. 2., and Ic., t. 88.; Michx. Arb., 5. p. 226. t.8., 
North Amer. Sylva, 3. p. 45. t. 114.; Du Roi Harbk., 1. p. 141. ; Willd. Arb., 57., Willd. Sp. PI, 
4. p. 994.; Lam. Encycl., 4. p. 157.; Du Ham. Arb., ed. 1., t. 53.; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 36 t. 9; Pursh 
Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 200., Reem. et Schult. Syst. Veg., 6. p. 306.; Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 147. ; 
Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. 
Synonymes. C. fructu obscuro purpurascente Tourn. Inst.,612.; C. obliqua Manch; Nettle Tree, 
Sugar Berry, Amer.; Bois inconnu, Iilinots ; Micocoulier de Virginie, Fr. 
Engravings. Mill. Ic., t.88.; Du Ham. Arb., ed. 1.,1. t. 53., ed. nov.,2. t. 9.; Michx. North Amer. 
Sylva, 3. t. 114.; Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 147.; T. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. PJ. Fl. Germ., fase. 3. 
t.4.; and the plates of this species in our last Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves ovate-acuminate, unequal at the base, serrate, 
rough on the upper surface, hairy on the under one. Fruit dull red. 
(Miche. N. A. S.) Fruit dark purple. (Pursh Fl. A. S.) Similar in foliage 
and general appearance to C. australis. Flowers solitary. (Michauz.) 
Leaves serrate, with equal teeth. Flowers, in the lower part of the branch, 
3 in an axil; in the upper part, | only in an axil. Fruit obscurely purplish. 
(Rem. et Schult. Syst. Veg.) Very closely akin to C. australis. Leaves, 
when young, ovate-lanceolate, a little downy; when adult, broad-ovate, 
acuminate ; in the acuminate part, and at the base, entire ; in the interval on 
each side, serrate, glabrous, veined with conspicuous veins ; the hinder portion 
of the base as narrow again as the other one. (Linn., quoted in Ram. 
et Schult. S.V.) C. occidentalis differs from C. australis, in having its 
leaves much broader in proportion to their length, and of an oval-acu- 
minate form. (Lam. Encycl., iv. p. 137.) Disk of leaf 3—4 in. long. (Ram. 
et Schult. S. V.) Indigenous, in woods and near rivers, from Canada to 
Carolina, where it flowers in May. (Pursh.) Introduced in 1656. 
Varieties. 
¥ C. o. 2 corddta Willd. Wild. Baumz., p. 82. — Leaves subcordate at 
the base, very acuminate ; above, less rough; beneath, more veiny. 
disk 3—4in. long. (Willd. W. Baumz., and Rem, et Schult. Syst. 
Veg. 
ere o scabritiscula Willd. Sp. Pl., iv. p. 995., Lam. Encyel., iii. 
p- 137.; C. australis Willd. Arb., 56.; C. 2.0, 8 tenuifolia Pers. Syn., 1, 
p- 292.; C. aspera Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; C. orientalis Hort.—Leaves 
shorter, more slender, less acuminate; roughish above, in some 
instances glabrous ; but it can scarcely be a distinct species. (Willd. 
Sp. Pl.) Disk of leaf 14—2in. long. (Ram. et Schult. S.V.) It 
is a native of Louisiana, and was cultivated in the Royal Garden at 
Paris; but, as it was killed down to the root every winter by the 
frost, Lamarck never saw its flowers or fruit, and, therefore, could not 
determine whether it was merely a variety or a distinct species. 
(Smith in Rees’s Cyclo.) 
Description, §c. This species, Michaux observes, “is similar in its fo- 
liage. and general appearance to the European nettle tree, the branches of 
both are numerous and slender; and the limbs originate at a small distance 
from the ground, and take a horizontal or inclined direction.” (V. Amer. Sy/l., 
iil. p. 45.) The leaves are alternate, oval, oblique at the base, very much 
acuminated, and somewhat rough. The flowers open early in spring, and are 
small, white, single, and axillary; the fruit also is small, single, of a round 
form, and a dull red colour. When ripe, it becomes shriveled, and of a reddish 
brown or black, like a very small wild cherry. It is rather fleshy, and very 
sweet. Michaux says that he has never seen the wood employed in any part 
of the United States; but, from the analogy between this species and the 
Enuropean one, he has no doubt but that the wood might be applied to the 
same purposes. The tree, in Britain, is very hardy and ornamental; and it 
possesses the property of keeping on all its leaves very late, and then, like 
the other species, dropping them all at once, so that they may be swept away 
at one time for litter, C.occidentalis is readily known from C, australis 
