CHAP. CII. JUGLANDA‘CEZ. JU‘GLANS. 1421 
glands. Fruit a drupe (a tryma, Watson). Covering of the nut, a fleshy 
husk of one piece, that bursts irregularly. Nut woody, of 2 valves. Seed 1, 
erect, lobed, wrinkled, eatable in most, perhaps all.—Species 4, 3 native to 
North America, 1 to Asia. Large trees. Rate of growth quicker than in 
Carya. Leaf bud not covered by scales. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate, 
of 5—19 leaflets, all but the terminal one in opposite, or nearly opposite, 
pairs; all serrate in most, and all spreading in one plane. Some species 
pubigerous; ? hairs simple, glanded. (7. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. Pl. Fl. 
Germ., Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot., Nuttall Gen. N. Amer. Pl., Michaux North 
Amer. Sylva, and observation.) 
Ca‘xva Nuttall. Flowers unisexual, those of the two sexes upon one plant ; 
male, female, and leaves, all upon a shoot, developed from one bud in the 
year of the flowering; male flowers borne at the base of the shoot below 
the leaves, or in the axils of the lower leaves; the female flowers, a few 
together about the tip of the shoot.—Male. Flowers in slender pendulous 
catkins, that are disposed 3 upon a peduncle. Calyx a 3-parted minute 
leaf. Stamens 4—6.— Female. Calyx including, and adhering to, the 
ovary: its tip free, and 4-cleft. Stigma sessile upon the ovary, partly 
discoid, 2—4-lobed. Fruit a drupe (a tryma, Watson). Husk fleshy, 
separating into 4 equal valves, or dividing into 4 equal portions in the 
upper part. Nut with 4 or more bluntish angles in its transverse outline ;- 
the surface pretty even. Seed eatable or bitter.— Species about 10, native 
to North America. Large trees. Rate of growth slower than in Jiglans. 
Bark appearing reticulated. — Leaf buds partially covered with scales in 
some species, naked in others. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate, of 5—15 
serrate leaflets ; all, except the terminal one, in opposite, or nearly opposite, 
pairs; and all spreading in one plane. Pubescence stellate. Fruit upon 
short stiff stalks. Nuttall has stated (Gen.) that the sexes are poly- 
gamous; but he has not described the bisexual flowers, nor the dispo- 
sition of them. (Nuttall Gen., Michaux N. Amer. Sylva, Watson Dend. 
Brit.) 
Preroca‘rya Kunth, Flowers unisexual, those of the 2 sexes upon one plant. 
—Male. Flowers in spikes. Stamens ina flower many.—Female. Flowers 
in long pendulous spikes, and distant, sessile, and ? without bracteas. 
Calyx connate with the ovary, except in a terminal portion, which is cleft 
into ?3—5 ? unequal lobes. Ovary, and the part of the calyx that is con- 
nate with it, taken together, flagon-shaped, bearing 2 wings above the base ; 
their direction transverse and oblique: cell 1; ovule 1, erect. Style 1, 
very short. Stigmas 2, large, spreading, revolute. Fruit subdrupaceous, 
angled; having 2 wings, as the ovary; much tapered to the tip, not open- 
ing, containing a bony nut, which has 4 cells in its lower part, whose parti- 
tions do not extend to the top, so that it is l-celled there. Seed ], its 
lower part in 4 deep lobes. Embryo not accompanied by albumen; its 
radicle uppermost.—Species 1, indigenous to the eastern part of Caucasus, 
and in moist woods, by the Caspian Sea. A tree. Leaves impari-pinnate 
not dotted; leaflets about 17, lanceolate, sessile, unequal at the base, ar- 
gutely serrulate; the veins beneath villous. Fruit small. (Aunth in Ann. 
Scien. Nat., ii. p. 346. ; Willd. Sp. Pl. ; and Spreng. Syst. Veg.). 
Genus I. 
JUGLANS L. Tue Watnur Tree. Lin. Syst, Monee‘cia Polyandria. 
Identification. Schreb. Lin, Gen., No. 1446. ; T. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen, Pl. FL Germ., fase. 3. t. 2. 5 
» Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PL, 2. p. 220., Lindl. Nat, Syst. of Bot., p. 180. 
Synonymes. Noyer, Fr.; Walnuss, Ger. 
Derivation. Jigians is contracted from Jovis, Jove’s, and glans, a mast, or acorn ; and was applied 
by the Roman writers to this tree, on account of the excellence of its fruit as food, compared with 
