1432 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
but they may be also carried into effect in summer, at 
the ordinary season. In Dauphiné, young plants in the 
nurseries are budded chiefly by the above modes, which 
succeed best the closer the operation is performed to the 
collar of the plant. It has also become customary, of | 
late, in that part of France, to cover the branches of old ° 
trees with buds. For this purpose, the branches are 
shortened in the month of October, or in May, to within 
8 ft. or 10ft. of where they proceed from the trunk, in 
order that they may throw out a number of young shoots. 
The spring afterwards, when the sap is in motion, from 
50 to 100 of these shoots are made choice of, and 
budded either in the common manner, or in the flute or 
ring method. The two latter modes are preferred, as 5; 
being more certain of success, and less likely to have the young shoots blown 
off by the wind. When the common method is practised, the young shoots 
are pinched in once or twice in the course of the season, to prevent them 
from elongating to such an extent as to endanger their being blown off. 
In England, the walnut is very seldom either budded or grafted; and, 
though Boutcher recommends inarching, we believe it has been practised 
only on a very limited scale. In Jersey, we are informed by Mr. Saunders, 
nurseryman there, the walnut and the sweet chestnut are sometimes, but 
very rarely, grafted ; and that, to insure success, the operation must be per- 
formed while the stock is young, and the scion must be about the same size as 
the stock, The graft should be made close to the ground, and not till late in the 
spring, when the sap is in full motion. Mr. Knight succeeded in budding the 
walnut by making use of those minute buds which are found at the base of the 
annual shcots of the walnut and other trees, “ which are almost concealed in 
the bark, and which rarely, if ever, vegetate, but in the event of the destruction 
of the large prominent buds which occupy the middle and opposite ends of 
the annual wood.” Mr. Knight inserted in the stock these minute buds, in 
the usual manner, in several instances, and found them invariably succeed ; 
but it is necessary to state that the operation was performed on yearling 
stocks, which grew in pots that had been placed, during the spring and early 
part of the summer, in a shady situation under a north wall, in order to retard 
them; and which were removed, late in July, to a forcing-house, and instantly 
budded with buds, which, as before observed, had been taken from the base of the 
current year’s shoots. M. Bosc, noticing this mode of Mr. Knight’s, says that 
he has long remarked that buds placed immediately on the collars of the roots 
always succeed; which he attributes to the shade and the humidity which that 
situation affords. It appears to us that Bosc’s mode, provided flute or ring 
budding were substituted for the common method, and each graft were co- 
vered with a hand-glass, is the one most likely to be successfully practised in 
the climate of Britain, Layering or inarching might, doubtless, be adopted 
with success in the case of the common walnut, as they are found to succeed 
with Pterocarya caucasica Kunth (Juglans fraxinifolia Lam.) and the cut- 
leaved walnut. Indeed, whip grafting is successfully practised with the cut- 
leaved variety, in Sedy’s Nursery, at Lyons, and in other gardens in the south 
of France. 
Grafting the Walnut. This operation has been successfully performed by 
T. A. Knight, Esq. ‘“ Young, or last year’s, wood is employed both as the 
scion and as the stock; and both scion and stock are allowed to unfold their 
buds, and grow for a week or ten days, before the operation of grafting is 
performed. Previously to doing this, the young shoots and foliage are 
rubbed off. Out of 28 instances, 22 grew well, many producing shoots of 
nearly a yard long, and of very great strength. ‘The scions were attached to 
the young (annual) wood of stocks, which were between 6 ft. and 8 ft. high, 
and in all cases they were placed to stand astride the stocks, one division of 
the scion being in some instances introduced between the bark and the wood ; 
