CHAP. CII. JUGLANDA‘CER. CA‘RYA, 144] 
Genus II. 
CA‘RYA Nuttall. Tue Carya, or Hickory TreEE. Lin, Syst. 
Monee‘cia Tetr-Hex-andria. 
Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. P1., 2. p. 220. ; Lindley Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 180. 
s. Jvglans sp. Lin., Willd., Michz.; Hicdrius Ratinesque ; Hickory, Amer. 
Derivation. ‘* Karua Gar a), the walnut tree: the name which the Greeks applied to Jiglans 
régia.” (Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. P1., ii. p. 220.) The name of Carya was applied to the common 
walnut by the Greeks, in honour of Carya, daughter of Dion, king of Laconia, who was changed 
by Bacchus into that tree. (See Sir Wm. Chambers’s Treatise on Civil Arch., vol.i.p. 55.) Diana had 
the surname of Caryata froin the town of Carya, in Laconia, where her rites were always celebrated 
in the open air, under the shade of a walnut tree. (Pausanias, Lac., c. 10.) Plutarch says the name 
of Carya was applied to the walnut tree from the effect of the smell of its leaves on the head. 
(Sym., lib. ii.) 
Description, §c. In the general remarks on the walnuts and hickories quoted 
from Michaux, it was observed, that, while the hickories bore a great family 
resemblance to each other, yet that they differed considerably in the number 
and size of their leaflets, and in their fruit: but, notwithstanding this dif- 
ference, an extraordinary uniformity of structure pervades the timber of 
the whole of the hickories. “ So close an analogy exists in the wood of these 
trees, that, when stripped of their bark, no difference is discernible in the grain, 
which is coarse and open in all; nor in the colour of the heart-wood, which 
is uniformly reddish.” (Michx.) The timber of all is of great weight, strength, 
and tenacity; but it decays speedily when exposed to heat and moisture, and 
is peculiarly liable to injury from worms. It is, consequently, never used in 
building houses or ships; but it is found admirably adapted for the axletrees 
of carriages, the handles of axes, and for large screws, particularly those of 
bookbinders’ presses. It is also used for the backs of chairs, coach-whip 
handles, musket-stocks, rake teeth, flails for thrashing grain, the bows of yokes, 
and many similar purposes. The principal use of the hickory in the United 
States is, however, for forming hoops for. casks; and it is the only American 
wood which is found perfectly fit for that purpose. ‘“ When it is considered 
how large a part of the productions of the United States is packed in barrels, 
an estimate may be formed of the necessary consumption of hoops,” and, con- 
sequently, of the great demand that there must exist for hickory wood. In 
consequence of this great demand, hickory wood is becoming scarce; _particu- 
larly as the shoots do not sprout a second time from the same root, and the 
growth of young plants is slow. In sloops and schooners, the wooden rings by 
which the sails are hoisted, and confined to the mast, are always of hickory. 
Nearly all the hickory timber is very heavy, and will produce an ardent heat 
while burning, and leave “a heavy, compact, and long-lived charcoal.” It is 
consequently greatly esteemed for fuel. When beige the nuts should, 
if possible, be planted where the trees are intended to remain, as most of the 
species have very long taproots, which are nearly destitute of fibres. This 
remark, however, does not apply to C. amara, which, like Juglans nigra, has 
abundance of fibrous roots. The pig-nut (C. porcina) aud the mocker-nut 
C. tomentosa) are considered to afford the best timber; and the pacane-nut 
va oliveférmis) decidedly the best fruit, though small. Michaux suggests the 
probability of improving it in size by grafting it on the common, or black, 
‘walnut. Nuts of most of the kinds may be had in London, at 9d. per quart ; 
and plants of some sorts from Is. 6d. to 2s. each. 
¥1. C. oLtvero’rmis Nutt. The olive-shaped Carya, or Pacane-nut Hickory. 
Identification. Nutt. Gen, N. Amer. Pl, p. 221. 
es. Jiglans rdbra Gertn, Sem., 2. p. 51., t. 89. ; J. cylindrica Lam. Eneycl., N. Du Ham., 
4. p. 179.; J. Pécan Miihlenb. in Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 3. p. 392.; J. angustifdlia Ai. 
Hort. Kew.; J. oliveférmis Michx. Fi. Bor. Amer., p. 192., Willd. Sp. Pl., 4 p. 457., Micha 
North Amer. Sylva, 1, p. 167., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 636. ; Pecan-nut, Illinois Nut, Amer. ; 
Pécauier, Pacanus, Noyer Pécanier, Jr. 
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