1442 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
Engravings. Gzertn. Sem., 2. t. 89.; Michx. Arb., 1. t. 3.; North Amer. Sylva, 1. t. 32.; and 
our fig. 1263. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaflets, in a leaf, 13—15; ovate-laneeolate, serrate ; lateral 
ones nearly sessile, and somewhat falcate. Fruit oblong, widest above the 
middle. Fruit and nut each with four angles in its transverse outiine. 
Nut in form and ? size, compared with the fruit of the olive, narrowly ellipti- 
cal. (Michx. N. A.S.) Native to North America, on the banks of the 
Ohio, Mississippi, and other rivers in Upper Louisiana; where it flowers in 
April and May. Introduced in 1766. 
Description. Yn America, this species forms a beautiful tree, with a regular 
trunk, reaching to the height of 60ft. or 70ft. The buds, like those of J. nigra 
and J. cinérea, are smooth and uncovered. The leaves are from 12 in. to 18 in. 
in length; the petioles are 
somewhat angular ; and the 
leaflets are sessile, and com- 
posed of 6 or 7 pairs, ter- 
minated by a petiolated odd 
one, which is .somewhat 
smaller than the pair imme- 
diately preceding it. The 
leaflets, on flourishing trees, 
are from 2 in. to 3in. long; 
ovate, serrated, and re- 
markable for the circular 
form of the upper edge, 
while the lower one is less 
rounded. The main rib is 
not exactly in the middle 
of the leaflet. The nuts, 
which are usually abundant, 
are contained in a husk 
from 1 line to 2 lines thick, 
and have 4 slightly promi- 
nent angles, which corre- 
spond to the divisions of the 
kernel. They vary in length 
from lin. to 14in.; are 
pointed at the extremities, 
of a cylindrical form, and of a yellowish colour, marked at the period of perfect 
maturity, with blackish or purple lines. The shell is smooth and thin, but too 
hard to be broken by the fingers. The kernel is full, and, not being divided by 
ligneous partitions, is easily extracted, and of an agreeable taste. The wood is 
coarse-grained, and, like that of the other hickories, is heavy and compact, 
possessing great strength and durability. The nuts, which are very agreeable, 
are exported to the West Indies, and to the ports of the United States; and 
Michaux considers them to be more delicately flavoured than any of the nuts 
of Europe. There are some varieties, he says, the fruit of which is far superior 
to that of the European walnut. C. oliveeformis is a native of Upper Louisiana ; 
and it abounds on the borders of the rivers Missouri, Illinois, St. Francis, 
Arkansas, and Wabash. On the Ohio, it is found for 200 miles from its junc- 
tion with the Mississippi; higher than which it becomes rare, and is not seen 
beyond Louisville, nor beyond the mouth of the Great Mackakity, in lat. 42° 
51”. It grows naturally in cold and wet soils. There is a swamp of 800 
acres on the right bank of the Ohio, opposite to the river Cumberland, called 
by the French La Pacaniére, which is said to be entirely covered with it. 
Dumont De Courset, in his Botaniste Cultivateur (vol. vi. p..237.), says that 
his brother, who had served in the army of Washington in 1782, told him 
that “that celebrated general had always his pockets full of these nuts, and 
that he was continually eating them.” There are trees in France, Michaux 
