1452 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
Derivation. Pteron, a wing ; karua, the common walnut. The fruit has wings; and, except in 
these, resembles that of the walnut, 
¥ 1. P. cauca’stca Kunth. The Caucasian Pterocarya. 
Identification. Kunth in Annal. des Scien. Nat., 2. p. 346. 
Synonymes. Juglans pterocarpa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p.192., Bieb. Fl. Tawr. Supp. 33. p- G22., 
Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. 455., Spreng. Syst., 3, p. 865.; Rhis obscdrum Bieb, Fl. Taur.Cauc., no. 606. 5 
J. fraxinif dlia Lamond MS., N. Du Ham., 4 p. 182.; Fraxinus levigata Hort Par. 
Engravings. Our fig. 1276. from a seedling plant, and the plate of this tree in our last Volume 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaflets, in a leaf, about 19; ovate-oblong, acuminate, 
argutely serrate, glabrous; each with the lower or hinder side of its 
base attached to the petiole. (Lamarck MS., and Spreng. Syst. Veg,, iii. 
p. 865.) The following description is translated from that 
written by Poiret, published in the Encyclopédie Métho- 
dique :—“A tree, about 40 ft. high, with an ample and tuft- 
ed head. Young branches brownish green, very smooth, 
glossy. Pith disposed in thin membranes, placed trans- 
versely, and at about a line distant from one another : J. 
régia has its pith arranged in a similar manner. Leaves 
alternate, very large, commonly having 19 leaflets each, 
which are oblong, denticulate with blunt teeth; have their 
upper surface very smooth, almost glossy, and of a beau- 
tiful rather dark green, their under surface paler; and 
are disposed almost alternately. Buds, when bursting, of 1276 
a rusty or brownish red colour. One remarkable character, and which 
serves to distinguish the species clearly, is, that each of the leaflets has 
one side of its base shorter than the other, and one of them attached, 
at least while the leaf is young, to the petiole. It occurs, in many in- 
stances, that, when the leaf gets old, the attached part of the leaflet 
becomes distinct from the petiole; but it is always the case that one side of 
the base is longer than the other. The petiole is roundand very tumid at 
the base, smooth, and of a beautiful clear green.” This tree isa native of 
moist woods at the foot of Caucasus, where it was discovered by Steven, and 
described by him in the Mém. Soc. Nat. Cur. Mos., iii. p. 247, and iv. p. 70.; 
as noticed by Bieberstein in the Supplement to his Flora Taur. Cauc, quoted 
above. It was introduced into England as J. fraxinifolia, several years 
since, and there are specimens under that name in the Horticultural Society’s 
Garden, and in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, where they form broad 
bushy plants, not yet more than 8 ft. or 10 ft. high. At Croome, in Wor- 
cestershire, there is a tree, 15 years planted, which is 25 ft. high. This 
species appears to have been first brought into notice by the elder Michaux, 
who, on his return from Persia in 1782 (see p. 1411.), introduced into 
France a plant from the shores of the Caspian Sea; which, ac- 
cording to Bosc, was the first that had ever been seen in Europe, and 
which still exists at Versailles, flowering there every year. It is described 
as growing from 20 ft. to 30 ft. high; and, though affected by frost, is yet 
sufficiently hardy to be classed among ornamental trees of the third rank. 
It is readily propagated by layers. For small gardens, and diminutive 
arboretums, this tree may serve~very well to exemplify the Juglandacee. 
Care should be taken to train it to a single stem, and not to plant it in 
soil so rich and moist as to prevent it from ripening its wood. Perhaps, 
also, something might be gained in point of hardiness by grafting it upon 
the common walnut, either on the collar of the stock, in order to form 
dwarf trees, or bushes; or standard high, in order to form trees that would 
from the first have clear straight stems, and as they would ripen their wood 
better, in consequence of growing slower than low trees or bushes, so they 
would perhaps show blossoms and ripen fruit. Some years ago, Messrs. 
Booth of the Floetbeck Nurseries reintroduced this species into Britain as 
a new tree (see Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 207.), under the name of Ptero- 
carya caucasica, being not aware of its identity with Juglans fraxinifolia. 
Plants, in London, are 2s. 6d. each; and at Bollwyller, 3 francs. 
