1454 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
either from the same buds as the leaves, or, more commonly, from different 
ones. Their florets are almost invariably separated, being all barren on one 
plant, and fertile on another of the same species. The growth of the dwarfest 
species, such as S. herbacea, is slow, and, in its native habitat, not above’ 
1 in. a year, and often not so much; that of the larger shrubs, in their native 
habitats, varies from 5 in. or 6 in. to as many feet, especially when the plants 
are young, or newly cut down. The growth of some of the kinds cultivated 
for basket-making or hoops, in good soil, when cut down every year or every 
two years, is often from 8 ft. to 12 ft. in a single season. The growth of the 
tree kinds, more especially of S. alba and S. Russelliana, is equally rapid 
when young; so that in ten years, in the climate of London, in suitable soil, 
and within reach of water, these kinds will attain the height of 50 ft. or 60 ft. 
The branches of most of the tree kinds have an upward direction, and have a 
flame-like motion in the wind, as in S. alba; but in others they are spreading, 
as in S. caprea; and, in one instance, drooping in a very decided manner, as 
in S. babylonica. 
Anomalies in the Flowers. The flowers have been observed in various cases 
of anomaly, as to the manner in which they are disposed, or as to the con- 
stituent parts of themselves. A collection of cases and instances is here 
presented. Male flowers and female ones have been observed to occur in the 
same catkin in the following instances :— S. Hoppedna wWilld., as noticed in 
Willd. Sp. Pl., in Koch’s Comm., and in Smith’s Engl. Fl. ; S. undulata Ehrh., 
or else S. No. 37. of Treviranus’s Obs. Bot. ; S. mirabilis Host’s Sal. Austr., i. 
t. 41.; and S. cinerea, S. aurita, and S. aquatica, as noticed in Engl. Fl. Koch 
has noticed (Comm.) two instances under his S. cinérea, which is more com- 
prehensive than that of Engl. Fl.; S. caprea, as noticed by Koch, and taking 
the species as he views it; S. Humboldtzana, as noticed in Koch Comm.; S. 
tenuiflora, as noticed in Hos¢’s Fl. Austr., ii. p. 633.; and S. Forbyana, as no- 
ticed in Engl. Fl. The following cases are similar to the above, but some of 
the flowers are in a monstrous state :— S. cinérea, as noticed in Engl. F/.; 
S. aquatica, as noticed in Rees’s Cyclo., No. 118.; and S. montana Host Sal. 
Austr., i.t.73. The appearance of stamens being changed into pistils has 
been observed in the following species :— S. hermaphroditica L., as noticed in 
Koch’s Comm. ; S. Crowedna, as elucidated in Sal. Wob.; S. polymorpha of 
Host’s Sal. Austr., as shown there; S. oleifolia Sm., as noticed in Engl. Fl. ; 
and S. bicolor Hhrh., as cited by Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. 8. Hoppeana, 
besides having the majority of its catkins constituted partly of male flowers 
and partly of female ones, has, in some instances, in the upper flowers of a 
catkin, the middle one of the three stamens of a flower changed into a perfect 
ovary ; and, hence, the flower seems as if comprising two stamens and an 
ovary. (Koch’s Comm.) Smith has noticed what may be a distinct case ; 
viz. that in S. fragilis the stamens are not unfrequently accompanied by an 
imperfect pistil. (Zngl. F/.) The combination of the filaments, in some kinds, 
is a relative subject. Mr. Borrer considers the instance observed in S. 
Crowedna a monstrosity. (Engl. Bot. Suppl., t. 2655.) He adds that the 
stamens “ are represented as changing into ”’ ovaries, “as those of S. bicolor 
Ehrh., and of some of the common sallows, have been observed to do,” It is 
likely that Mr. Borrer would apply the same remark to every instance of the 
filaments occurring in a state of combination. The following is a list of kinds 
in which the filaments have been observed in this state; and the practical cul- 
tivator may instruct himself by investigating, relatively to the above remark, 
as many of the following species as may come under his notice when in 
flower: — S. ribra Huds., noticed in Eng. F/.; S.céncolor of Host’s Sal. Austr. 
(whether this be the same as the S. rubra Huds., as the synonyme cited 
under it indicates, or different); S. Crowedna in Eng. F/.; S. riparia, as 
shown in Host’s Sal. Austr., i. t. 58.; S. linearis Forbes, as depicted in Sad. 
Wob.; S. intermedia of Host’s Sal. Austr., i. t. 56., as shown there; S. parvi- 
flora Tbid., i. t.49.; S. discolor Idid., i. t. 60.; S montana Jbid., i. t. 73. 
f. 4.; S. lanata L., as shown in. Eng. Bot. Suppl. ; and S. cladostémma of 
