1458 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART Ill. 
Anderson, F.L.S., had at that time a collection at West Ham, in Essex, 
which he was studying for the same purpose ; as had Edward Forster, Esq., 
at Walthamstow, and which has since been removed to Woodford, in Essex ; 
and W. Borrer, Esq., at Henfield, in Sussex. At Lewes, in the same county, 
Mr. Woollgar had extensive willow grounds, studied the species very assidu- 
ously, and communicated several facts to Sir J. E. Smith. Subsequently, 
a collection was made by His Grace the Duke of Bedford at Woburn, which 
appears to have been the most extensive till then made in England; and the 
next greatest number of sorts is in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, at 
Hackney. In all these salictums, we are informed by those who have ex- 
amined them, the plants were placed too closely together to attain their 
characteristic form and size. At Woburn, the plants were, till 1836, 
crowded together in a very limited space, which necessarily prevented 
their habits from being properly studied; but they have since been trans- 
planted, and allowed more room; though they are not, even now, as it 
appears to us, in a situation either sufficiently large, or adequately ex- 
posed to the influence of the sun and the air. A few species of willows have 
attained the size of trees in the Horticultural Society’s Garden; but, as 
far as we are aware, there is no extensive collection of full-grown willows any 
where either in Britain or on the Continent. Most of the kinds in the 
Woburn salictum are in the arboretum at Flitwick House, at Goldworth, 
and at Messrs. Loddiges’s, Hackney ; and we believe, also, that there are 
excellent collections in the principal botanic gardens, more especially in 
that of Edinburgh. The Duke of Bedford, indeed, has liberally contributed 
cuttings from his collection at Woburn to all who have applied for them ; 
so that, if willows are not in future extensively cultivated, and properly 
studied, it will not be for want of plants, but from the cultivators not allowing 
them sufficient room to attain their natural size and habits. On the Continent, 
the best collections are in Germany, and principally, we believe, at Erlangen, 
under the direction of Koch. Dr. Host is said to have cultivated upwards 
of 300 sorts in the botanic garden under his care at Vienna; and there are 
good collections at Gottingen, Bremen, and Berlin. 
In an economical point of view, scarcely anything was added to our know- 
ledge of the culture and uses of the willow since the time of the Romans ; 
till the slight notices of the uses of willows given by Ray, and afterwards by 
Evelyn. The first systematic essay on the subject appears to have been 
written by Dr. Walker, about the latter end of the last century, though not 
published till 1812. It is entitled Salicetum ; or, the Botanical History and 
Cultivation of Willows ; and it is contained in his volume of Essays, p. 403— 
469. Here 22 species are described, and an account is given of their uses 
and mode of cultivation. All these species, and various others, which are 
promised to be described in a future volume, were cultivated by the author in 
his garden at Collinton, near Edinburgh. 
Salices, &c., by Dr. Wade, was published in 1811, and contains descriptions 
of most of the European species at that time known, with directions for their 
propagation and culture. 
Willows for basket-making and hoops were principally imported from 
Holland and France, till towards the commencement of the present century ; 
when our exclusion from the Continent, in consequence of the continued war, 
led to the formation of plantations at home. The Society of Arts, directing 
their attention to the subject, have, at various times, offered premiums for the 
cultivation of willows; and in their Transactions for 1801, 1804, and 1805, as 
well as in previous and subsequent volumes, will be found accounts of plant- 
ations made for which premiums were awarded. In England, the principal 
of these plantations were made by Arthur Borron of Warrington, in Lan- 
cashire; Mr. Wade of Suffolk; and Mr. Phillips and Mr. Bull of Ely: and, 
in Scotland, by Mr. Shirreff, at Captainhead, near Haddington. 
The principal plantations of willows for basket-making, in every country, 
are made along the banks of rivers and streams; and, in England, those on the 
