1476 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
First Cost per Acre. Annual Expense per Acre. 
se Sea. £8. a. 
Formingthebed - - - - 12 0 0} Rent - ot Shs - =) = OCHO 
14,000 sets, at 12. per 1000 - - 14 O O | Weeding - = ° & - 0 16 O 
Planting, at 3s. per 1000 - - - 2 2 0 | Parish rates and fences - - - 010 0 
Weeding twice the first season - O 16 O | Cutting the rods, at 3s. per score bun- 
—— dies of 45in. girt - - = - 140 
Total cost the first year £28 18 0 | Interest of 28/7. 18s., the first cost -1 90 
——— | Annual filling up ofcasualties - - 0 6 0 
Total expense perannum £4 15 0 
Produce. phe o/s) 
Annual value of 160 bundles of rods, at ls. 4d. - - - 10 13 0 
Total expense per annum = = “f 5 > = a Se 
Net profit 5 18 0 
The additional expense of peeling would be about 4/. per acre; but the rods 
peeled would have sold at a much higher price in proportion. 
In vol. xxiv. of the same work, an account is given of a willow plantation 
in Suffolk, in which the ground was ploughed and harrowed ; the expense of 
which, and of planting the sets, was 2/. 2s. per acre; and the number of sets 
planted was 12,000 per acre, which cost 10/._ The price of cuttings of osiers, 
in Cambridgeshire, in 1826, was, for S. viminalis, 8s. per thousand, and for the 
less common kinds, 10s. or 12s. per thousand. Sang mentions inferior soils in 
Scotland, which have produced from 25/. to 30/. per acre for several years in 
succession ; the annual expense of cleaning being from 25s. to 35s. per acre, 
exclusive of cutting, rent, interest of prime cost, and other charges. 
Culture of the Willow for Hedges.— The best kinds of willows for hedges are 
those which belong to S. caprea, because the young shoots of these kinds are 
most rigid, and are certain of annually ripening their wood; while the catkins 
are the most valuable of all others for bees; and the clippings, or trimmings, 
which should be cut off in August or September, are the most valuable of 
willow fodder for horses and cattle. Add, also, that this species of willow is 
one of the most durable and woody kinds, and that when the hedge is cut 
down it will reproduce itself the same season; and, with a little assistance 
from art, become a fence the season following. 
Fences of live Willow are, in some 
cases, formed by inserting rods of two 
years’ growth, such as are used for 
making hoops, reduced to the length 
of 6 ft.; and 1 ft. or 1 ft. 6 in. being 
inserted in the soil, a fence is at once 
produced 4 ft. 6in. in height, These 
rods may either be inserted in a ver- 
tical direction parallel to each other, : 
and 6in. or 8in. asunder, as in fig. 1287. a; in a sloping direction parallel to 
each other, as in fig. 1287.6; or crossing each other at right angles, as in 
Jig. 1286. In the latter case, the rods require, in order to make a fence 
iA . S FIA 
1287 
5 ft. 6 in. high, to be cut to the length of 7 ft. or 8 ft.; but a fence so formed 
has this advantage, that the rods may be much farther apart than when they 
are placed either vertically or sloping, and parallel to each other. In the two latter 
cases, also, a top rod, or rail, is required to unite the ends of the parallel rods: 
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