1482 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART I1f. 
of 1 ft.or more. Mr. Lewin thinks the 
caterpillar generally confines itself to the 
ith in the centre of the stem; but Mr. 
Bree finds the pith sometimes untouched, 
ali the perforations being made in the 
solid wood between the pith and the 
bark. Being an internal feeder, the cater- 
pillar, of course, is only to be found by 
cutting into and opening the stems of 
the willow in which it is enclosed. When 
the periodical falls of underwood take 
place, Mr. Bree has observed that scarcely 
a single willow wand is cut down that 
does not exhibit proofs of the ravages of 
this insect; sometimes three or four, or 
even five, separate perforations occurring 
in the same stem. Though the Trochilium 
crabroniforme is a common species, Mr. 
Bree has never met with an example of - 
the winged insect at large in his neigh- 
bourhood (Allesley, near Coventry). 
He has bred it from the caterpillar; and 
once he took a single pair in an osier 
bed near Dudley, which, at the time, 
were considered as great rarities. ‘The 
wood of Salix caprea is, in Warwickshire, 
usually either sold to the rake-maker, 
for the purpose of being worked up into 
rake-teeth, &c. ; or converted into what 
are called flakes, i. e. hurdles made of 
split stuff nailed together, in contradis- 
tinction to the common wicker hurdle, 
which is formed of round wood, twisted 
and plaited together without the help of 
nails. The lower, and consequently the 
thicker, portion of each willow rod, to 
the length of 5in. or 6in., or occasionally 1 ft. or more, is spoiled by the 
perforations of the larva, and rendered unavailable to the above purposes.” 
(Mag. Nat. Hist., new se- 
ries, vol. i. p. 19.) Of the 
Trochilium crabronifoérme 
(or, more properly T. bem- 
beciférme) a beautiful figure 
is given by Mr. Curtis in the 
British Entomology, pl. 372. 
fig. sup.; and several addi- 
tional particulars relative to 
its habits are given by Mr. 
Westwood, in an article in 
the third part of the Trans- 
actions of the Entomological 
Society. 
The caterpillars of Né- 
matus caprez feed on the 
leaves of the sallow (S. ca- 
prea L.), and of several 
species of willow and osier, ‘ 
to which they are said to be sometimes very destructive. A cultivator 
in the neighbourhood of Penzance, after thoroughly preparing a piece of 
