1484 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
The larve of Satfirnia Pavonia minor feed on various species of osier. 
Lozote‘nia cruciana, a small but beautiful tortrix, lives on a dwarf mountain 
Salix. Liparis (Leucoma Steph.) salicis is, in many years, very abundant on 
different willows. Several species of the very showy genus of Nocttidz, Ca- 
tocila, also feed, in the larva state, upon several species of Salix. These 
caterpillars exhibit a very interesting instance of deceptive similarity to the 
plants on which they feed; their colours being of a pale greyish brown, dot- 
ted with black, and the sides of their bodies being furnished with a membrana- 
ceous lobe, fringed with short whitish hairs, which are applied close to the sur- 
face of the twigs, so that it is very difficult for an unpractised eye to perceive 
them, or to distinguish them from bundles of lichens. The colours of the fore 
wings of the perfect insects are also equally deceptive, rendering it quite as diffi- 
cult to perceive the moths when settled upon the trunks of the trees. The hind 
wings of these moths are, however, very beautifully coloured, being either red or 
pale blue, with black bands. Catocala fraxini (the great Clifden nonpareil) 
feeds, in the larva state, on poplar, ash, &c.; C. nipta L. upon Salix vitellina ‘ 
and C. elocata Esper (the claim of which to be considered a native species is 
questionable) upon willows and elms. Our jig. 1293. represents the last- 
named species copied from Curtis’s British Entomology, pl.217.; and the generic 
details, a to 2, are from C. nipta. a, 4, parts of the antenna ; ¢, spiral tongue; 
d, palpus ; e, palpus denuded ; f, the head; g, one of the ocelli; 2, hind leg; 
i, claws. 
Amongst Coleéptera, the principal species which feed on the willow are, 
Galeruca caprez, Pyréchroa ribens (on the rotten wood, whilst in the larva 
state), Melasoma populi and trémula, Balaninus salicivorus, and Tachyérges 
salicis ; and, amongst the Hemiptera, A‘phis salicis L., and Céccus capree and 
C. salicis L. 
Some parts of the preceding article have been furnished to us by J. O. 
Westwood, Esq., by whom the whole has been revised. 
The Study of the Species. The genus Salix has been a stumbling block to 
botanists from the time of Linnzus, who observes that so great are the 
changes effected on the kinds by soil, situation, and climate, that it is difficult 
to determine whether many of the differences should constitute species, or 
varieties only. He recommends rejecting the old names and characters, and 
describing anew the several species accurately, as seen in their natural places _ 
of growth. For this purpose, he gives directions for observing the develope- 
ment of the buds, the situation of the catkins, the form and other circum 
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