1490 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART 111. 
Group i. Purpiree Koch, Borrer. 
Osier Willows, with one Stamen in a Flower. 
Monandrz isthe name adopted for this group in Hook. Br. Fi., ed. 3. ; but Mr. Borrer considers 
Purplrez preferable, because it is taken, like the name of each of the other groups in this ar- 
rangement, from the name of a species included in that group. PurpUrex, too, is the name given 
by Koch to the same group. 
Filament 1, bearing an anther of 4 lobes, and 4 cells; or, in S. rubra, forked, 
and each branch bearing an anther of 2-lobes and 2 cells. Germen sessile. 
Catkins very compact. Trees of low stature, or shrubs with twiggy branches, 
and leaves that are more or less lanceolate, and serrated, and often broader 
upwards. Interior part of the bark, in most, yellow and very bitter. 
(Hook. Br. Fl.) The leaves of nearly all of the kinds of this group turn 
black in drying. The inner bark of most of the kinds included in this group 
is extremely bitter, which renders the plants suitable for banks of rivers, 
and other places which are infested by rats; as the bitterness prevents 
these animals from eating it. . 
% 1. S, purpu‘rEA L. The purple Willow. 
Identification. Lin. Sp, Pl., 1444.; Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1388.; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 187. ; Forbes in Sal. 
Wob., No. 1.; Hook: Br. Fl., ed. 3., p.417.; Mackay Fl. Hibern., pt. 1. p. 243. ; Hayne Abbild., 
p. 229. 
The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot., and are in cultivation in some English collections. 
Synonyme. 8S. purpirea a Koch Comm., p. 25. 
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1318.; Sal. Wob., No, 1.; Hayne Abbild., t. 169.; our jig. 1294. ; and 
Jig. 1. in p. 1603. 
Spec. Char., Sc. Branches trailing, decumbent. Leaves partly opposite, 
obovate-lanceolate, serrated, very smooth, narrow at the base. Stamen 1. 
Stigmas very short, ovate, nearly sessile. (Smith Eng. Fl.) A native of 
Britain (between Thorpe and Norwich, &c.); flowering 
in March and April. In a wild state, this species forms a 
shrub, with a stem 3 ft. or 4 ft. high, with long, slender, 
purple, with a somewhat glaucous hue. The catkins 
appear earlier than the foliage; and often on different 
branches, In cultivation, in dug grounds kept moist 
and the plants cut down yearly, this species produces 
shoots from 3 ft. to 5 ft. long, which are much esteemed 
for the finer sorts of basketwork. It is also frequently 
1294 Essex, for “plaiting into close low fences, for the ex- 
clusion of hares and rabbits; the bark and leaves being so extremely 
bitter, that these animals will touch neither; whilst the shoots, being long, 
tough, and flexible, may be formed into any shape; and a fence of this kind 
is reckoned little inferior to that of wire.” (Eng. Flora, quoted in Sal. Wob., 
p- 2.) This species is well adapted for planting in ornamental shrubberies, 
from the elegant slenderness of its twigs during winter ; the redness of its 
catkins, the anthers of which are of that colour before they burst, and the 
fine purplish and glaucous hue of its young shoots and leaves. The latter, 
as will be seen by the figure of one of the natural size in p. 1603., are of 
an elegant, and, if we may use the expression, artistical shape. Female 
plants are in the Hackney and Goldworth arboretums, and at Woburn 
and Flitwick; and male and female at Henfield. The male plant, being the 
most beautiful when in flower, ought to be most propagated by nurserymen. 
Varieties. Koch, in his De Saticibus Europeis Commentatio, has described six ; but he includes the e! 
S. Helix and Lambertidna (to be described as species below) as two of them. He has characte 
terised the six varieties as follows: — 
smooth branches, spreading widely, and, if not supported, _ 
trailing on the ground ; very smooth, of a rich and shining ~ 
planted in Norfolk and Suffolk, and in some parts of . 
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