_. Johnston, in his Flora of Berwick upon Tweed, states that S. Helix withstands 
CHAP. CIII. ; SALICA CER. SA LIX. 1491 
& S, p.1; S. purpdrea Smith, Willd. —Stem: dwarfer, Branches more spreqding. Catkins 
very slender. 
S&S. p. 2; S. Lambertiana Smith, Willd. —Catkins twice as stout, and leaves larger and 
broader than in S. purpirea; otherwise not different. ’ 
& S. p.3; S. Helix Willd. En. — Branches i ype but spreading. Leaves longer. 
& S. p. 4 monadélphica, — A male plant, with the stamens divided to the middle, or, rather, 
having 2 stamens with the filaments connate, as in S. ribra, and as far as to the middle. 
Koch found this growing in the Palatinate of the Rhine, near Cassel. ; 
& S. p. 5 sericea; 8. monandra sericea Ser. Sal. Helv., p.8.—This has its leaves, while they 
are young, covered with a dense silky down, which afterwards disappears. Seringe 
observed this in Switzerland; and Koch afterwards gathered it in the Palatinate. 
& S. p. 6 bréctea rtbra.—This has the scales of the catkin, that is the bracteas, of the colour 
of red brick, and not black. Giinther sent it to Koch from Silesia ; and Koch deems it 
a rare and singular variety. 
Remark. Koch, considering S. purpirea as including the above four, gives the geographical dis- 
tribution of the species as follows : — It inhabits the banks of streams and moist meadows, and also 
sandy and comparatively dry places, in plains and lower mountains, from the Pyrenees and Alps, 
through England and the whole of Europe, as far as to the south of Sweden. 
% * 2. 8. He‘uix L. The Helix, or Rose, Willow. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl, 1444. ; Willd. Sp. Pl, 4. p. 672.; Hayne Abbild., p. 229. t. 170. ; Smith 
Eng. Bot., t. 1343. ; Eng. F1., 4 p. 188. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 2. ; Hook. Br, FI., ed. 3., p. 417. ; 
Mackay Fl. Hibern., pt. 1. p. 244. 
Synonymes. S. purpirea var. Koch. Comm., p. 25.; ?S. oppositifdlia Host Sal. Austr., 1. p. 11. 
t. 38, 39. 
The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob., and also in Eng. Bot.; but Mr. Borrer believes 
that the catkins of female flowers represented in the latter are those of S. Forbydma: if those of 
Hix, they are much too thick. Mr. Borrer having only seen the male of S. #élix, and the female 
of S, Lambertiana, is inclined to regard them as the two sexes of one species, 
wy pe Eng. Bot., t. 1343., the male plant ; Sal. Wob., No. 2. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 170. ; and fig. 2. 
in p. 1 
Spec. Char.,§c. Branches erect. Leaves partly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, 
pointed, slightly serrated, very smooth ; linear towards the base. Stamen 
1. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas, (Sa/. Wob., p. 3.) 
A native of Britain; flowering in March and April. A tree of humble 
growth, but erect ; about 10 ft. high, smooth in every part, altogether of a 
lighter hue than those of S. purpurea. The branches are not trailing, but 
upright ; they are smooth and polished, ofa pale yellowish or purplish ash 
colour, tough and pliable; less slender and elongated than the foregoing,’ 
though useful for the coarser sorts of basketwork. Catkins larger than 
those of S. purpurea ; the fertile ones, especially, full twice as thick. (Zing. 
Flora, p. 188.) The branches, which are yellow} and the mode of growth, 
which is erect, render this species easily distinguishable from the preceding. 
Description. The name rose-willow relates to rose-like expansions at the 
ends of the branches, which are caused by the deposition of the egg of a 
cynips in the summits of the twigs, in consequence of which they shoot out 
into numerous leaves, totally different in shape from the other leaves of the 
tree, and arranged not much unlike those composing the flower of a rose, 
adhering to the stem even after the others fall off. (Smith, and Kirby and 
Spence.) Smith had never seen this monstrosity but on S. Helix, except 
once on §S. aurita: but it is very common on S. Hoffmannidna in Sussex 
( Borrer), and on S, alba in Cambridgeshire, and is obvious in winter when the 
lants are leafless. In these two kinds, the rose-like bodies are constituted of 
eaves imbricately disposed, the upper the smaller: some of the bodies are 
3in. over. “ The leaves and twigs are less bitter than those of S. purpurea ; 
and the greater size of the stem, as well as branches, renders this species 
fit for several purposes which that is not. It also makes a better figure in 
lantations, and the roots give more solidity to the banks of rivers or ditches.” 
Smith.) Gerard describes the rose-willow, of which he has given a figure, as 
“ not only making a gallant show, but also yielding a most cooling aire in the 
heat of summer, being set up in houses for the decking of the same.” Dr. 
storms better than any other species. A crystallisable principle, called sali- 
cine, has been obtained from this species ; which, according to Majendie, arrests 
the progress of a fever with the same power as sulphate of quinine. (Jour. 
R. Inst., October, 1830, p. 177. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst., p. 187. See also our p. 
_ 1459.) In ornamental plantations, S. Helix is an interesting shrub, from its 
SES 
