€HAP. CIII. SALICA‘CEX. PO’ PULUS. ; 1655 
producing a sort of galls, or protuberances, of various shapes and sizes, on 
its leaves and branches, which have been usually mistaken for the lodgments 
of worms hatched from the eggs of an ichneumon fly: but they are, in reality, 
produced from the operations of a viviparous species of A‘phis (A. pépuli), for 
the bringing up of its offspring. These galls are of the bladder Lind, being 
usually skinned over, and more or less hollow within, not woody, as those 
of the oak, &c. They proceed from different parts of the plant, some from 
the petioles of the leaves, and many from the young shoots’: they are very 
various in figure, some being roundish, others oblong, others crooked and 
contorted in various directions, and some of them are in the figure of horns, 
like those of Pistacia Terebinthus (p. 547.), and of the same origin. (Rees’s 
Cyclopedia.) Urédo popilina Pers., a kind of hypodermous fungus, has been 
found on the leaves of this species. 
Statistics.—Recorded Trees. Evelyn mentions some stately and straight black poplars in Cheshire, 
that yielded boards and planks ‘‘ by some preferred to oak for their whiteness and lasting, where 
they lie dry.” At Alloa House, in Clackmannanshire, a tree, between 3/t., and 4 ft. from the ground, 
girted 13 ft. or 14ft.; and at Southfield, in Fife, one about twenty years old, in 1819, measured 7 ft. 
lin, in girt. (Sang.) A treein the garden of Arquebuse, at Dijon, measured, in 1810, 21 ft. in cir- 
cumference at 5ft. fromthe ground. It had an ample head; and, though the trunk was ulcerated 
in several places, it appeared as if it would live for many years, though it was then of great age. 
The same tree, measured in 1836, by L. W. Dillwyn, Esq., exceeded 20 ft. in circumference, at 4 ft. 
from the ground. 
Existing Trees. mn England, in the environs of London, at Ham House, Essex, it is 74 ft. high, 
diameter of trunk 2 ft. 9 in., and of the head 58 ft. ; in the grounds of Lambeth Palace, between 70 ft. 
and 80 ft. high, and in vigorous growth, though surrounded by smoke to such an extent as to injure 
_most of the other trees in the garden. In the Isle of Wight, in Wilkins’s Nursery, Newport, 10 
years planted, it is 25ft. high. In the Isle of Jersey, in Saunders’s Nursery, 10 years planted, 
it is 20 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 6 in., and that of the head 12 ft. In Wiltshire, at Wardour 
Castle, 50 years old, it is 70 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk ao 
5 ft., and of the head 99ft.; in Cheshire, at Kinmel Park, it 
is 60 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 4 ft., and of the head 45 ft.; 
in Herefordshire, at Eastnor Castle, 20 years planted, it is 60 ft. 
high ; in Nottinghamshire, at Clumber Park, it is 78 ft. high ; 
the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 3in., and of the head 39 ft. ; in 
Pembrokeshire, at Stackpole Court, 30 years planted, it is 70 ft. 
high ; in Radnorshire, at Maeslaugh Castle, 65 ft. high; the 
diameter of the trunk 4 ft., and of the head 76 ft. ; in Suffolk, 
at Bury St. Edmunds, near the old bridge over the river Lark, 
is 90 ft. high, and the diameter of the trunk is 5ft., “ a noble 
and healthy tree” (see fig. 1514. to a scale of 50 ft. to lin., 
copied from Strutt’s Sy/va) ; in Worcestershire, at Hagley, 9 
years planted, it is 23 ft. high. In Scotland, in Kirkcudbright. 
shire, at St. Mary’s Isle, it is 75 ft. high, the diameter of the 
trunk ft., and of the head 40 ft.; in Haddingtonshire, at 
Tynningham, it is 62 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 23 ft., 
and of the head 97 ft. ; in Ross-shire, at Brahan Castle, it is % 
24 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and of the head 
80 ft. In Ireland, in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 35 years 
planted, itis 50 ft. high. In France, at Toulon, in the Botanic 
Garden, 30 years planted, it is 50ft. high, with a trunk 2 ft. 
in diameter ; at Avranches, in the Botanic Garden, 40 years 
planted, it is 40 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and of 
the head 20ft. In Austria, at Vienna, in the Laxenburg 
Garden, 40 years old, it is 30 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 1514 
14 in., and of the head 12ft. In Bavaria, at Munich, in the English Garden, 50 years old, it is 36 ft. 
high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and the head 14 ft. In Sweden, at Lund, in the Botanic Garden, 
it is 72ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 21in., and of the head 12 ft. In Italy, in Lombardy, at 
Monza, 30 years old, it is 80 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2} ft., and the diameter of head 40 ft. 
¥ 8. P. (N.) canavE’Nsis Michr, .The Canadian Poplar. 
Identification. Michx. Arb., 3. p. 298.,; N. Amer. Syl., 2. p. 227. 
Synonymes. P. levigata Willd. Sp. Pl, 4. p. 803., Pursh Fl. Amer. ees 2. p. 619., Spreng. Syst. Veg., 
2. p. 244., but not of Hort. Kew.; P. monilitera Hort. Par., Nouv. Cours, &c.; Cotton-wood, 
Michz. ; Peuplier de Canada, Fr. in Nouv. Cours d’ Agri., edit. 1822, tom xi. p. 407. 
The — Willdenow has noted that he had seen the male living ; Bosc says that only the female 
is in nce, 
Engravings. Mich. Arb., 3. t. 11.; North Amer. Syl., 2. t. 95.; and our fig. 1515. 
Spec. Char.,§c. Young branch angled. Petiole compressed. Disk of leaf 
roundish ovate, deltoid, acuminate, subcordate at the base, where there are 
glands, serrated with unequal teeth, glabrous. (Pursh.) The branches are 
angular, and the angles form whitish lines, which persist even in the adult 
age of the tree. The trunk is furrowed, even in old age; less so than that 
of P. angulata, more so than that of P. monilffera. The young buds are 
gummy. The catkins of the female are from 6 in. to 8 in. long. (M. de Fou- 
eault; and Michx. in N. Amer, Syl.) It is found wild in North America, in 
