CHAP. CIY. BEYULA‘CER. BE/TULA. 1705 
brane which surrounds it is narrower. The wood of the tree is hard, 
and yellower than that of the common birch. Pallas says that it differs 
from B. nigra L. (the red birch of America), in having smaller stipules, and 
in the leaves being less frequently, and never doubly, serrated; but, as he 
had only an opportunity of comparing it with a small dried specimen of 
the American species, of which he has given us a figure, we cannot place 
much confidence in his opinion. The young plants bearing this name at 
Messrs. Loddiges’s have every appearance of being nothing more than a 
stunted variety of the common birch; but these plants are too small and 
unhealthy to enable us to determine, with certainty, whether they are 
really of the kind described by Pallas, or not. This species was introduced 
in 1796; but it is not common in collections. There is a tree at Croome 
bearing this name, which, after being 30 years planted, is 40 ft. high. One 
in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 35 years planted, is 30 ft. high; and 
one in the Botanic Garden at Munich, 25 years planted, is 20 ft. high. 
Variely. 
& ¥ B. d. 2 parvifolia Hayne Dend., p. 167., has the leaves smaller than 
the species. : 
& 3. B. rrutico‘’sa Pall, The shrubby Birch. 
Identification. Pall. Ross., 1. p. 62.; Du Roi Harb. Baum, 1. p. 151.; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 466., 
Baum., p. 61.; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 208. 
Synonymes. B. himilis Schrank Sai., p. 56., Fl. Bavar., No. 305.; B. quebeceénsis Schrift. de» 
Gesells. Naturf. Freunde, 5. p. 196., as quoted by Willdenow. 
Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1. t. 40. ; Dend. Brit., t. 154.; andJour fig. 1557. 
Spec. Char., §c. eaves roundish-ovate, nearly equally serrate, glabrous. 
Female catkins oblong. (Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. p. 466.) This species is always 
shrubby, and never rises higher than 4 ft. or 6 ft., in moist situations; but, 
on mountains, it grows to a greater size, and 
the trunk attains a thickness of 2in. or 3in. 
The whole plant has a stunted appearance. 
The buds are numerous, and come out soon 
after those of B. alba. The leaves are small, 
and generally two from the same bud. They 
are lengthened out, and entire towards the 
petiole ; and towards the end, which is very 
sharp, they are unequally serrated. The 
male catkins are sessile at the ends of the 
twigs, frequently unaccompanied with any 
leaf: they are more than 1 in. in length, and 
pendent. The female catkins are lateral from 
the leaf buds, solitary, alternate, upright, 
small, commonly peduncled, and accompanied 
by a small leaf; and the ripe seeds remain upon them during the winter ; 
their form is cylindric, and they are longer than those of B. nana; the 
scales are narrow at the base, three-forked at the end; and there are three 
seeds to each scale, of the same size and form as in B. nana. Pallas found 
this species in marshes, and on rocky mountains in the cold subalpine re- 
gions of Eastern Siberia. According to Willdenow, it is also found in 
Canada, and in Germany, in Bavaria, and Mecklenburg. About Berlin, it 
grows to the height of 4ft. or 5 ft. It was introduced in 1818; and there 
are plants at Messrs. Loddiges’s, and in some other collections. 
% 4. B. pu’mita L. The hairy dwarf Birch. 
Identification. Willd. Sp. Pl, 4 p. 467. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 622.; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 207. ; 
Lin. Mant., 124. 
8 yme. B. nina Kalm Itin., 2. p. 263. 
avings. Jacq. Hort, Vind., t. 122. ; Du Roi Harb.,, 1. t. 3. ; Wang. Beitr., t. 29. f. 61.; Dend. 
rit, t. 97, and our fig. 1558, , 
Spec. Char., §c. Branches pubescent, without dots. Leaves roundish-ovate, 
on long footstalks, densely clothed with hairs on the under surface. Female 
catkins cylindrical. (Willd. Sp. Pl, iv. p. 467.) A shrub, a native of bogs in 
