1730 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
be rendered complete. After duly considering all the materials of which we 
have been able to avail ourselves, we have thought it best to throw into 
groupy those species which we have seen in a living state in the neighbourhood 
of London or elsewhere; and to place the remainder in Appendixes, ac- 
cording to their native countries. In characterising our groups, we have 
followed Scopoli and Michaux, in paying particular attention to the fructifi- 
cation and the bark, as well as to the leaves; and, with regard to the latter, 
noticing not only their form, but, in the deciduous kinds, the colours which 
they assume in autumn before dropping off, because we find this a very con- 
stant character. Our groups are the following : — 
A. Leaves deciduous. 
a. Natives of Europe. 
§ i. Ro‘sur. British Oaks. Leaves lobed and sinuated; dying off of a 
yellowish orrusset brown. Barkrough. Buds ovate. Fructification annual. 
Cups imbricate. 
§ ii. CrE’RRIs. Turkey Oaks. Leaves lobed and sinuated, or dentated; in 
some varieties subevergreen; always dying off a dirty white. Bark rough. 
Buds furnished with linear stipules. Fructification biennial. Cups echi- 
nate, ramentaceous, or scaly-squarrose. 
b. Natives of North America. 
§ iii, A’LBm. White Oaks. Leaves lobed and sinuated ; dying off more or 
less shaded with a violet colour. Bark white, and scaling off in thin lamine. 
Fructification annual. Cup imbricate, or echinate. Nut oblong, generally 
large. 
6 i. Pri'nus. Chestnut Oaks. Leaves dentate ; dying off of a dirty white, 
or of a rich yellowish orange. Bark white, rough, and scaling off. Fructifi- 
cation annual. Cup imbricate. Nut ovate, rather large. 
§ v. Ru‘pra&. Red Oaks. Leaves lobed, sinuated, and deeply cut, mucro- 
nated ; dying off of a deep red, scarlet, or purple. Bark blackish ; smooth or 
furrowed, but never scaly. Fructification biennial. Nut ovate, and witha 
persistent style. Cup imbricate, large in proportion to the nut. 
§ vi. Ni'crm. Black Oaks. Leaves obtusely and very slightly lobed ; with 
mucros, which generally drop off when the leaves have attained their full 
size; leaves dying off of a blackish green, or very dark purplish red, and 
in America frequently persistent. Bark quite black, smooth, or furrowed ; 
but never scaly. Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate. Nut with a per- 
sistent style, and sometimes marked with dark lines. 
§ vii. Pur’tios. Willow Oaks. Leaves quite entire; dying off without 
much change of colour; but'in America sometimes persisting during two 
or three years. Young shoots straight and wand-like. Bark very smooth, 
black, and never cracked. Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate and 
shallow. Nut roundish and very small. 
B. Leaves evergreen. 
a. Natives of Europe. 
§ viii. I‘LEx. Holm, or Holly, Oaks. Weaves ovate or oval, entire or ser- 
rated, with or without prickly mucros. Bark smooth and black, or rough 
and corky. Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate. Nut ovate, acuminate ; 
sometimes very long in proportion to the cup. 
b. Natives of North America. 
§ ix. Vire’ntEs. Live Oaks. Leaves oblong-lanceolate ; dentate and variously 
cut when young, but on full-grown trees quite entire. Bark smooth, black. 
Fructification biennial. Cup imbricate. Nut long. 
c. Natives of Nepal. 
§ x. Lana‘ta. Woolly-leaved Oaks. Leaves oval, oblong, or lanceolate ; 
serrated or dentate; woolly beneath. 
