1736 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
both species abound in the forest ; and that he could collect a bushel of oak 
leaves, that would vary in breadth from that of a finger to that ofa hand ; and 
from being perfectly sessile, to having a footstalk 2in. long. He finds 
hundreds of very distinct varieties; and Mr. Childe’s wood-cutter informed 
him that, in regard to the qualities and appearance of the wood, there 
are three very distinct sorts, which are called the black, the red, and the 
white oak. The black oak produces the hardest, and the white oak the 
softest, timber. Specimens of these three kinds of timber have been sent 
to us; and though they are taken from trees of not more than a foot in 
diameter, the difference of the colour of the heart wood is obvious, though 
certainly not so much as we expected to see it. 
¥ 2. Q. sEsSILIFLO’RA Sal. The sessile-flowered Oak. 
Identification. Sal. Prod., 392.; Smith Fl. Br., No. 2. a; Eng. Bot., t. 1845. 
Synonymes. Q. Robur Willd., No. 64., Ait., No. 23., Lam. Dict., 1. p.717., N. Du. Ham., 7. 
p- 176.; Q. R. var. séssile Mart. Fl, Rust., t. 11.; Q. séssilis Ehrh. Arb., 87.; Q. platyphYllos, mas 
et foem., Dalech. Hist., 2.3.; Q. latifolia mas, &c., Bauh. Pin., Rait Syn., 440.; Q. regalis Bur- 
net ; Chene male, Secondat, t. iv. f. 1, 2. p. 18.; Chestnut Oak, Bay Oak; Chéne roure or rouvre, 
Durelin, Fr. ; Stein Eiche, gemeine Eiche, spit Eiche, Winter Eiche, diirr Eiche, roth Eiche, 
Berg Eiche, Gey. ; Quercia vera, Ital.; Roble, Span. 
Derivation. The name of Chestnut Oak is given to this species, because its wood is said to resemble 
that of the sweet chestnut. Bay Oak, from some fancied resemblance of the leaves to those of the 
laurel bay. The French names imply the male oak, the red oak, and the hard oak. The Ger- 
man names, the’stone oak, the common oak, the late oak, in allusion to its lateness in leafing ; 
the winter oak, from its frequently keeping on its leaves during winter ; dry oak, probably from the 
leaves remaining on the tree after they have become dry and withered ; red oak, from the colour of 
its wood; and hill oak, from its being more abundant on hilly ground than the Q. pedunculata. 
Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1845.; Mart. Fl. Rust., t.11.; N. Du Ham., 7. t. 52.; Willd. Abbild., 
t. 130. ; our fig. 1572.; and the plate of this tree in our last Volume. 
Spec. Char.,§c. Leaves on longish footstalks, deciduous, oblong, smooth ; 
sinuses opposite, rather acute; lobes obtuse. Fruit sessile. Nut oblong. 
( Smith.) Leaves, when young, pubescent beneath. (Willd.)' A tree, readily 
distinguished from the preceding species, even , 
at a distance, by the less tufted appearance, 
and generally paler green, of its foliage during 
summer; and, in winter, by its less tortuous 
spray and branches, by its lighter-colouredbark, 
byits large buds, and byits frequently retaining 
its leaves, after they have withered, till the fol- 
Jowing spring. There are trees of this species 
at Kenwood (which takes its name from the 
oaks there, being originally Kern Wood, the 
acorn, or oak, wood); one in the grounds of 
the Protestant Dissenters’ School at Mill Hill, 
formerly the residence of Peter Collinson ; 
some, according to Martyn, at Norwood, in 
Surrey ; and numerous others at Woburn Ab- 
bey, and at Allesley; besides those in Wyre 
Forest, and in many other places which will + ¢ 
be hereafter mentioned. Therearealsospeci- *** 1572 
mens at Messrs. Loddiges’s, and in the Horticultural Society’s Garden; and, 
in 1834, there were thousands of young plants in the Milford Nursery. Ac- 
cording to Secondat, who wrote in 1785, the kingdom of Naples then boast- 
ed of a great many oaks of this species, where it was known under the name 
of Quercia vera. 
Varieties. 
¥ Q. s. 2 pubéscens; Q.s. var B Smith Eng. Fi., vol.iv. p. 150.; Q. pu- 
béscens Willd. Sp. Pl., iv. p. 450., Abbild., t. 141., and our jig. 1573., 
Q. R.lanuginosum Lam. Dict., i. p.717.; the Durmast, Mart. Fl. Rust., 
t. 12.— Leaves downy beneath. Fruit sessile, but sometimes subses- 
sile. The flowers appear in May, and the fruit ripens in October. 
Found occasionally in most of the oak woods of Europe; and, ac- 
cording to Willdenow, having the same general appearance, attaining 
the same height, and living to the same age, as Q. sessiliflora, In 
