1832 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
quently found on the oak in the neighbourhood of Vienna, and is supposed 
by some to be the mistletoe of the druids. (See our art. Viscum, p. 1021.) 
The principal Lichens that are found on the oak are what are vulgarly called 
the lungs of the oak, and its moss. The lichens sold under the name of the lungs 
of the oak are, Sticta pulmonacea and S. scrobiculata; 1659 
and they are still much in demand in Covent Garden 8, ER 
market, and other places, as a cure for consumption, hea : @ sti 
and all disorders of the chest. S.pulmonacea Ach., “ta WN eee 
syn. Lichen pulmonarius Sow. Eng. Bot., t. 572., wh ek 
and our fig. 1659., is most plentiful in the northern Sh 
or mountainous countries, where it clothes the trunks f 
of old oaks “ with a rich leafy garment. The fronds 
grow a little imbricate, but are considerably raised 
from the bark, into which their leaves are inserted. 
They are leathery, green, deeply divided, irregularly and bluntly lobed, strongly 
pitted ; the interstices forming a kind of network, which, towards the margin 
of the frond, is powdery or woolly.” The under side is downy, blistered, and 
pale, with a corresponding network of brown veins. The shields are, “ for the 
most part, marginal, but not always: they are nearly sessile, flat, chestnut- 
coloured, with an elevated, smooth, green border. They are found at all times 
of the year, and in tolerable plenty.’ (Eng. Bot., t. 572.) A decoction of 
this lichen is used with milk, to cure all diseases of the lungs. It is bitter, 
astringent, and mucilaginous, and promotes expectoration. It was first em- 
ployed to cure coughs, Sowerby tells us, because its figure resembled that 
of the lungs. It is supposed to possess nearly the same properties as the 
celebrated Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica Ach.). The 
name of Sticta (that is, dotted) was given to this genus 
from the numerous little pits that are found on the 
under surface of the fronds, S. scrobiculata Ach., syn. 
Lichen scrobiculatus Sow. Eng. Bot., t. 497., and our 
Jig. 1660., is found on the trunks of oaks in the 
mountainous parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland, K\ 
but not frequently. ‘“ The fronds spread loosely over \)\\\\\ 
each other, and are rather leafy than coriaceous, cut “™}} 
into round Jobes, and obtusely notched. Their upper . 
side is glaucous, full of irregular pits, smooth towards the base or centre; but 
towards the margin they are sprinkled with grey mealy warts. The under 
side is downy, brown, paler towards the edge, and spotted all over with 
irregular bare white spots. The shields are so rare, that Dillenius never saw 
them, but copied them from Micheli, in whose figure (t. 49.) they are drawn 
without any margin. After the examination of many hundred specimens,” 
continues Sowerby, “we have found only two in 
fructification. In these the shields are about the we 
size of mustard seed, of a tawny brown, flat, with PES 
an elevated, inflexed, downy (not mealy) margin, 
of the colour of the frond.” (Eng. Bot., t. 497.) 
The lichen figured by Gerard, as the “ oke and 
his mosse,” is U’snea plicata Ach. : syn. Lichen 
plicatus Lin. Sp. Pl., 1622., Sow., Eng. Bot., t.257., 
and our jig. 1661.; MJiascus arboreus, &c., Rau ( 
Syn., 64.; U’snea vulgaris, &c., Dill. Musc., 56. oe: AMIN 
t. 11. f. 1.; Usnée, Fr. “ The whole plant is from “5p 
1 ft. to 2ft., or even more, in length, forming a _, ‘ 
thick entangled mass of branching fibres, which Wi 
are cylindrical, all more or less divaricated and 
undulated, none of them straight. They are of 
4 uniform greenish freestone colour; the surface 
very smooth at first, but in the older parts rough with minute warts, supposed 
to be the male flowers. The main stems often crack here and there, discover- 
scr 
ONS 
finn rONT) je. 
CHO 
1661 
i ii 
