1844 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART 11I. 
and sheep; while those of the common species, in the same pasture, are 
eaten. The wood makes excellent fuel. There are plants in the Horti- 
cultural Society’s Garden, which, in spring, when their leaves are expanding, 
are of very great beauty and singularity ; and the species, on that account, 
well deserves culture as an ornamental tree. There are some small trees, 
in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, 6ft. or 8 ft. high. In France, in 
Brittany, at Barres, 8 years planted, it is 10ft. high. In Germany, at 
Briick on the Leytha, near Vienna, 15 years from the acorn, it is 6 ft. high. 
In Italy, at Monza, 16 years planted, it is 14 ft. high. There are some 
plants at Messrs. Loddiges’s ; and, in the catalogue of the Kensington Nur- 
sery for 1834, seedling plants are marked at 50s. per thousand. At present 
we are not aware of plants being in any nursery, except a few at Messrs. 
Loddiges’s ; but acorns may be had from Paris or Bourdeaux in abundance ; 
and there is scarcely a species of the genus more deserving of culture, for 
the beauty of its spring foliage. 
Varieties. In the Nouveau Du Hamel three are mentioned: — 1. With large 
acorns, on peduncles, axillary and terminal; 2. With axillary acorns of a 
middle size; and, 3. With small acorns, on long racemes. Desvaux, in the 
Journal de Botanique for 1808, mentions Q. Tadzin laciniata, having jagged 
leaves; and Q. 7. digitata, having digitate leaves. Bosc speaks of a dried 
specimen in his possession, which he thinks may belong to the true chéne 
Angoumois; which, he says, is often confounded with Q. Tudzin and Q. 
Cérris. To this specimen he has given the name of Q. Ligeris, or chéne 
ligériea. In the London Horticultural Society’s Garden there is an oak 
which was received from M. Schammes of Pesth, in Hungary, under the 
name of Q. conférta, which appears to belong to Q. pyrenaica; but, not 
having seen the fruit, we cannot be quite certain of this. 
+ 4. Q. APENNI‘NA Lam. The Apennine Oak, 
Identification. Lam. Dict. Encycl., 1. p.725.; N. Du Ham., 
7. p. 177.; Bosc Mém. sur les Chénes. 
Synonymes. Q. conglomerata Pers. ; Chéne hivernal, Fr. 
Engravings, N. Du Ham., 7. t. 53.; and our jig. 1698. 
Spec. Char., &c. Leaves oval-oblong, petiolated, sinuated, pu- 
bescent beneath, bordered with obtuse lobes, somewhat 
angular. Acorns oval, disposed along a short peduncle. 
(Lam.) The leaves are exceedingly woolly beneath; the 
acorns small, almost globular, and sometimes borne to the 
number of 8 or 10 on one peduncle, not above 1in. in 
length. The tree does not attain a large size, seldom ex- 
ceeding thejheight of 20 ft. According to the Nouveau Du 
Hamel, it is intermediate between @ sessilifldra pubéscens 
and Q. pedunculata. Bosc says it is very distinct from Q. 
pedunculata, and from every other species of Quércus. He 
found it in abundance, he says, on the mountains in the 
neighbourhood of Lyons ; and it is also indigenous to Italy 
and to the Levant. It is always found in dry places, on 
sandy or stony soils. There are plants in Paris and at 
Versailles, and in the Bois de Boulogne. The name is in 
British catalogues ; but no year is given for its introduction, 
nor have we ever seen or heard of a plant of it. Acorns 
might, doubtless, be obtained through M. Vilmorin; and, 
being of small size, it would appear to be a most desirable 
tree for a suburban garden, or to represent the European 
division of the genus Quércus in a miniature arboretum. 
¥ 5.Q. E’scutus L. The Esculus, or Italian, Oak. 
ere ae Lin. Sp, PL, 1414.; Willd., No. 63.; Ait., No, 22; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 176. ; Rees’s 
ycl., No, P 
Synonymes. Phagus Z’sculus, mas et’feem, Dalech. Hist., 5.; Chéne grec, Fr. ; 
Derivation. From esca, food. The E’sculus of the classics is by some taken for the beech tree; but 
the Q. 2’sculus of Linnzus is now believed to be the Phagos of Theophrastus, which he expressly 
says is a kind of oak. 
Engravings. Our jigs. 1699. and 1700.; and the plate of this tree in our last Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves ovate-oblong, sinuated, smooth; paler beneath ; 
segments bluntish, somewhat angular at the base. Fruit nearly sessile. 
Calyx scaly, hemispherical. (Smith.) A native of the south of Europe; 
from 20 ft. to 30 ft. high. Cultivated by Miller, in 1739; and flowering in 
May. Acorns have been produced on the trees of Q. E’sculus in the Hor- 
