1846 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
ii. Cérris. Mossy-cupped, or Turkey, Oaks. 
Sect. Char. Leaves lobed and sinuated, or dentated; more or less persistent; 
in some varieties, subevergreen, or evergreen; always dying off of a dirty 
white, or paper brown; never with any tinge of red or yellow. Buds 
furnished with linear stipules. Fructification generally biennial. Cups 
echinate, ramentaceous, or scaly, squarrose. 
¥ 6. Q. Ce’rris L. The bitter, or mossy-cupped, Oak. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1415.; Willd., No, 75., Baumzucht, p, 350.; Ait., No. 28. y.; N. Du 
Ham., 7. p. 182.; Rees’s Cycl., No. 83. 
Synonymes. Q. crinita « and 8, Lam.* Dict., 1. Bi 718.; Q. Haliphle‘os Juss. in Hort. Par.; Q. 
burgundiaca, &c., Bauh. Pin., 420.; Q. Cérris Plinz?, &c., Lob. Icon., 2. 156., Dod. Pempt., 831., 
Ger. Emac., 1345.; Cérrus Dalech. Hist., vol. 1. p.6. ; the Turkey Oak; the Iron, or Wainscot, 
bis : Chéne Cerris, Chéne chevelu, Chene de Bourgogne, Fr. ; Burgundische Eiche, Cerr-eiche, 
er. 
Derivation. The specific appellation Haliphleos was applied by Pliny to an oak with very bitter 
acorns; but it may be derived from halis, enough, and phlotos, bark ; in reference to the tendency 
to corkiness in the bark. The Iron Oak alludes to the weight of its wood, which is much heavier 
than that of the common oak. The term Wainscot Oak refers to its suitableness for lining the 
walls of rooms, from the Dutch words, ward, a wall; and schorten, to suspend. 
Engravings. N. Du Ham., 7. t.57.; our fig. 1702. ; and the plates of this tree in our last Volume. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves on very short stalks, 
oblong, deeply and unequally pinnatifid ; 
hairy beneath; lobes lanceolate, acute, 
somewhat angular. Stipules longer than 
the footstalks. Calyx of the fruit hemi- 
spherical, bristly. (Smith.) A tree attain- 
Sh 
ing the same height as the British oak, 
but of much more rapid and vigorous 
growth. A native of France, Italy, Spain, 
Austria, and the Levant. Introduced 
into Britain in 1735, and not uncommon 
in plantations. It flowersin April,and : XS 
ripens its acorns, in the climate of London, in October of the second year, 
and sometimes in the autumn of the first year. 
Varieties. There is a great tendency in this species to sport; so that many 
varieties may be selected from every bed of seedlings. It also appears to 
hybridise with facility, especially with Q. Stber; and from this cross the 
numerous race of varieties known as the Lucombe, or Exeter, oaks have 
been raised. There are also some varieties of Q, Cérris which appear to 
owe their origin to geographical circumstances; such as Q. C. austriaca, 
and Q. C. crinita. The varieties cultivated in British nurseries may, for 
practical purposes, be arranged as deciduous, subevergreen, and evergreen. 
