CHAP. CV. CORYLA‘CEE. QUE’RCUS. 1849 
acute, entire. Stipules shorter than the footstalks. Calyx of the 
fruit hemispherical, bristly. (Smith.) Sir J. E. Smith observes that 
this tree is “ generally mistaken for Q. Cérris, from which nothing can 
be more certainly distinct;” we admit their distinctness, but no one 
who has seen the two trees together in the Horticultural Society’s 
Garden can, we think, doubt their being only different forms of the 
same species. This variety is a native of Austria, Hungary, Carniola, 
Italy, and other parts of the south of Europe, in stony mountainous 
places. It forms the common oak of the indigenous woods in 
the neighbourhood of Vienna, where it is considered by M. Ro- 
senthal, an excellent practical botanist, as nothing more than a 
variety of Q. Cérris. The tree from which our portrait is taken 
is in the arboretum of the London Horticultural Society. In the 
University Botanic Garden at Vienna there is a tree, 60 years planted, 
which is 40 ft. high. 
* Q. C.5 cana major; Q. cana major 
Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836 ( fig.1609.);the 
hoary-leaved bitter, or Turkey, Oak; 9 
resembles Q. austriaca in the form 
of its leaves; but they are much 
more downy beneath. There is a 
vigorous-growing handsome tree of 
this variety in the arboretum of 
Messrs. Loddiges, which, in 1836, 
was 35ft. high. The name cana 
(hoary) was originally given to this 
variety in the Hammersmith Nur- 
sery, but whence the tree was ob- 
tained is uncertain. 
¥ Q. C. 6 cana minor, Q. cana minor Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836, resembles the 
preceding kind, but has narrower leaves. There is a tree at Messrs. 
Loddiges’s, 25 ft. high. 
4% Q. C.7 Ragnal; Q. Ragnal Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. The Ragnal Oak. 
—This variety has rather narrower and more deeply cut leaves 
than Q. C. cana major ; but, in other respects, scarcely differs from 
that variety. It is a tree of remarkably vigorous growth; but we 
have only seen one plant, which is in the arboretum of Messrs. 
Loddiges. Miller mentions a large tree of this variety growing at 
Ragnal, near Tuxford, in Nottinghamshire, “ which makes a most 
elegant appearance ; the leaves being shaped like those of the common 
oak, but ash-coloured underneath, which renders it very beautiful. 
It produces acorns, some years, in great plenty; but, unless the 
autumns prove favourable, the do not ripen so as to grow.” (Ail. 
Dict., ed. 3., App., No. 12.) e have written to a number of per- 
sons in Nottinghamshire respecting the Ragnal Oak; and we find 
that the tree was cut down upwards of 50 years ago, but what be- 
came of the timber is unknown. There are trees bearing the name 
of the Ragnal oak in the lantations at Welbeck Abbey, of which 
His Grace the Duke of Portland has kindly sent us specimens ; 
but, as the plants have probably been seedlings, they are very dif- 
ferent in foliage from the tree bearing the same name at Messrs. 
Loddiges’s. There was a tree of the ag EY oak for many years in 
the Fulham Nursery; but the late Mr. Whitley, a very short time 
before his death in 1835, told Mr. Osborne, jun., that it had died a 
few years before. Judging from the trees at Messrs. Loddiges’s, we 
have no hesitation in saying that Q. C. cana major and minor, and 
Q. C. Ragnal, are merely slight variations of the same form, They 
all differ, however, from the Fulham oak, and from what is called 
the old Lucombe oak, in not being in the slightest degree sub- 
