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1872 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
take. Indeed, the tree of this species in Loddiges’s arboretum was upwards 
of 15 ft. high in 1834. Q. lyrata is a native of the southern states of 
North America; where, according to the younger Michaux, “ it is never seen 
in the long narrow marshes which. intersect the pine barrens, but is found 
exclusively in the great swamps on the borders of the rivers, which are often 
overflowed at the rising of the waters, and are inaccessible during three 
quarters of the year.” It is not mentioned by Catesby, and appears to have 
been first described by Walther, in his Flora Caroliniana, It was introduced 
into England in 1786, but is seldom met with in collections. The wood, 
though inferior to that of the white and post oaks, is more compact than 
would be supposed from the swampy nature of its native habitat : it will, 
however, grow on dry soil; andthe elder Michaux states that, even in loose 
sandy soil, it grew faster than any other oak in his nurseries. (Hist. des 
Chénes, No.3.) The younger Michaux says that “ this species is the largest 
and most highly esteemed among the oaks that grow in wet grounds. The 
acorns I sent to France, though sown on uplands, have produced flourishing 
plants, eg bear the winter of Paris without injury.” (North Amer. Syl., 
1, p. 42. 
§iv. Prinus. Chestnut Oaks. 
Sect. Char., §c. Leaves dentate, dying off of a dirty white, or of a yellowish 
orange. Bark white, rough, and scaly. Fructification annual. Cup im- 
bricate. Nut oblong, generally large. 
* 13. Q. Pri‘nus L. The Prinus, or Chestnut-leaved, Oak. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. P., 1413. ; Willd. Sp., 4. p. 439. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., 5. p, 290. ; N. Du Ham., 
7. p. 164.; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 195. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves oblong-oval, more or less pointed, nearly equaliy 
toothed. Cup somewhat scaly; nut ovate. (Michx. Fl. Bor, Amer., i. ° 
p. 195.) Trees, varying in height from 20ft. to 90ft.; and one of the 
varieties a low shrub. In the climate of London the trees grow freely, 
and promise to attain a considerable size. In general form, they are as 
handsome as any of the American oaks; but their foliage dies off with very 
little colour, what there is being generally of a whitish or brownish yellow. 
Varieties. These are by some authors treated as species; but they are so 
obviously alike in their leaves and bark from their infancy upwards, that 
there does not remain a single doubt in our minds of their being only 
varieties. However, for the sake of those who think otherwise, and also to 
mark the peculiarities of each variety, we shall give the identifications, 
synonymes, and descriptions to each. 
¥ Q. P. 1 palistris Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., ii. p. 196., Quer., No. 5. t. 6., 
Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; Q. P. paliastris Miche. N. Amer. Syl., i. p. 46. 
t. 8., our fig. 1735., andthe plate of this tree in our last Volume ; 
Q. Prinos L. Sp. Pl., 1413., Willd. Sp. Pl, p.439., Ait. Hort. 
Kew., v. p. 290., Pursh Fl, Amer. Sept., ii. p.633., N, Du Ham., vii. 
p. 164., Smith in Rees’s Cycl., No.47.; Q. castanezefoliis, &c., Pluk. 
Alm., 309., Phyt., t. 54., Cat. Carol., i. t. 18. _The Swamp Chestnut 
Oak, the Chestnut white Oak; and, near Philadelphia, the white 
Oak. — Leaves on longish footstalks, obovate. Fruit very large. Cup 
moderately hollow, distinctly scaly. (A. Michxz.) This tree, accord- 
ing to the younger Michaux, is, in the southern states of North 
America, generally from 80 ft. to 90 ft. high, with a straight trunk, 
rising clear of branches, and of nearly the same thickness to the 
height of 50ft.; then spreading into a broad tufted head; and 
forming altogether one of the most beautifulgand majestic trees of 
the American forests, The leaves of Q. P. palistris are of a shining 
green above, and whitish and somewhat wrinkled underneath; they 
have rather long footstalks; and are from 8 in, to 9 in. long, and from 
4in. to 5in. broad; obovate, and terminating in an acute point. 
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