CHAP. CV. _ CORYLA‘CER. QUE’RCUS. 1879 
that time it has, perhaps, been more generally planted than any other of the 
American oaks, though full-grown specimens of it are not very numerous. 
The largest which we know of near London, is at Syon, where it is 57 ft. 
high ; and the largest in England is at Strathfieldsaye, where it is 100 ft. high. 
Several trees in the neighbourhood of London, and particularly one at Purser’s 
Cross which is upwards of 40 ft. high, ripen acorns, from which young plants 
have been raised. The wood is so coarse and porous as to be of scarcely any 
use in the arts. It is, however, employed in America for the staves of flour and 
sugar casks, or to contain 
any kind of dry goods. The 
bark contains a large pro- 
portion of tannin, and is 
very extensively used by 
tanners in the United 
States. The acorns are 
voraciously eaten by wild 
animals, and also by the 
cows, horses, and swine that 
are allowed to range in the 
woods after the herbage has 
ae. Papilio (Thécla) 
avonius Abb. and Smith, t. 
14., and our fig. 1745., the 
brown hair-streak butterfly, 
feeds on the leaves of this 
species, 
Statistics. In the environs of London, at Syon, it is 57 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., 
and of the head 55ft.; in the Fulham Nursery, and at Purser’s Cross, it is 40 ft high. There are 
various other trees of nearly similar dimensions ; but as, from the description sent to us, we have 
been unable to determine whether the tree belongs to @. ribra or @. coccinea, we have not 
inserted them under the statistics of either species. In Hampshire, at Strathfieldsaye, it is above 
100 ft. high, with a trunk 3 ft. Gin. in diameter; it grows in a deep rich loam, on the flat bank of 
the river Loddon: in Wiltshire, at Longleat, 70 years planted, it is 50 ft. high; the diameter of the 
trunk 2ft. 2in., and of the head 54ft.: in elnorstare, at Maeslaugh Castle, 44 ft. high ; the 
diameter of the trunk 3 ft., and of the head 45 ft. In Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at Gordon Castle, 
20 ft. high, with a trunk Gin. in diameter. In Ireland, at Castletown, 30ft. high, the diameter of 
the head 38 ft. ; in Fermanagh, at Florence Court, 30 years planted, it is 32ft. high, the diameter 
of the head 3) ft. In France, at Rambouillet and other places, are many fine trees, varying 
from 40 ft. to 60 ft. in height, both of Q. ribra and Q@. coccinea: (See Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 42.) 
Bosc mentions a superb tree at the Petit Trianon, of which, however, we have not been able to 
procure the dimensions, In Brittany, at Barres, 14 years planted, it is 14ft. high; near Nantes, 
90 years old, it is 40ft. high, with a trunk 4ft. in diameter. In Saxony, at Worlitz, 60 years old, 
it is 50 ft. high, with a trunk 2ft. Gin. in diameter. In Austria, at Vienna, at Laxenburg, 26 years 
old, it is 25 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 10in., and of the head 18 ft. In Prussia, at Berlin, in 
the Botanic Garden, 50 years old, it is 60 ft. high; the diameter of the trunk 3ft., and of the head 
28 ft. In Italy, in Lombardy, at Monza, 24 years planted, it is 50 ft. high; the diameter of the trunk 
6 in., and of the head 24 ft. 
¥ 15. Q. cocci’NEA Willd. The scarlet Oak. 
Identification. Wang. Forst., p. 44.; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 199. ; Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. 446. 5 
Ait. Hort. Kew., 5. p. 292.; Pursh FL Amer. Sept., 2. p. 630. ; Michx. Quer., No. 18.; N. Du Ham., 
7. p. 171. ; Smith in Rees’s Cycl., No. 61. 
S: ne... Q. Sreag Ait., ed. 1., 3. i 357. 
er ee Wang. Forst., t. 9.; Michx. Quer., t. 31, 32.; N. Amer. Syl., 1. t. 25. ; our figs. 1746, 
1747, and 1748. ; and the plate of this tree in our last Volume. 
Spec. Char. §&c. Leaves smooth, oblong, deeply and widely sinuated, on long 
stalks; lobes divaricated, acute, sharply toothed, bristle-pointed. g's of 
the fruit turbinate, half as long as the nut. (Willd.) A tree, 80 ft. high. 
Introduced in 1691. 
Description, §c. The scarlet oak is, in America, a tree of more than 80 ft. 
high, with a trunk 3ft. or 4 ft. in diameter. The tree is of a more rigid habit 
of growth than Q. rdbra, the branches of which are very flexible. The bark 
is dark-coloured, entire, and very thick; and the wood is reddish and coarse- 
grained, with very open pores. The leaves, which have long petioles, are” 
of a beautiful green, shining on both sides; and, on old trees, laciniated in 
avery remarkable manner, having usually four deep sinuses on each side, very 
broad at bottom. The leaves begin to change with the first cold, and, after 
