CHAP. CV. CORYLA‘CEEH. QUE’RCUS. 1889 
Goldworth Arboretum. The specimen trees at Messrs. Loddiges’s, and one 
in the Milford Arboretum, were equally beautiful before they were severely 
cut in, to give more room to the surrounding plants. 
¥ 20. Q. CaresBz#‘r Willd. The darren Scrub Oak. 
Identification. Willd. Sp. P1., 4. Pp. 446.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 630, ; Michx. Quer., No. 17. ; 
N. Du Ham., 7. p. 172. ; Smith in Rees’s Cycl., No. 62, 
Si ymes. &. rdbra 8 Abb. and Smith Ins., 1. p.27.; Q. E’sculi divisdra, &c., Cat. Car., 1. t. 23. 
ngravings Michx. Quer., t. 29, 30.; Cat. ¢ar., 1, t. 23.; and our figs. 1762, 1763, 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves smooth, oblong, wedge-shaped at the base, deeply 
and widely sinuated, on short stalks; lobes 3 or 5, divaricated, acute, 2- or 
3-cleft, bristle-pointed. Calyx of the fruit turbinate, half as long as the 
nut, (Willd.) A shrub or low tree, from 15 ft. to 30 ft. high. Introduced 
in 1823. 
Description, §c. The general appearance of this tree is stunted: its trunk 
is crooked, dividing into branches at 2 ft. or 3 ft. from the ground, and covered 
with a thick, blackish, deeply furrowed bark. The foliage is open, and its 
leaves are large, smooth, thick, and cori- 
aceous towards the close of summer, 
deeply and irregularly laciniated, and 
supported on short petioles. “ With 
the first frost, they change to a dull red, 
and fall the ensuing month. The acorns 
are pretty large, of a blackish colour, 
and partly covered with a fine grey dust, : 
which is easily rubbed off between the _»— 
fingers: they are contained in thick ™ = 
cups, swollen towards the edge, with the 
upper scales bent inwards. The oldest 
trees alone are productive, and their 
fruit never exceeds a few handfuls.” 
(XN. Amer, Syl., i. p. 86.) According : 
to the younger Michaux, this oak is confined to the lower part of the 
Carolinas and Georgia. It grows in soils too meagre to sustain any other 
vegetation, where the light movable sand is wholly destitute of vegetable 
mould. It is the only species multiplied in the pine barrens; and from this 
circumstance, and its scrubby habit of growth, 
it has probably obtained the name of the barren 
scrub oak. The elder Michaux says that it is 
sometimes found from 30ft. to 40 ft. high. 
The leaves vary very littke, as will be seen by 
Jig. \763., in which a represents a seedling of 
one year’s growth, and 4a leaf from a plant 
two years old. This oak, though not intro- __ 
duced till 1823, is supposed to be the one \® 
figured in Catesby’s Carolina, which he calls the 
red oak with small pedunculated acorns, and 
describes as follows : —“ Bark dark, thick, and 
strong, preferable for tanning. Wood coarse 
and spongy. The acorns vary much in shape ; 
and the leaves retain no certain form, but sport 
into various shapes, more than those of other ; 
oaks.” (Catesb. Carol.,i. p. 23.) He adds that the wild pigeons assemble 
in such numbers on this oak, that they sometimes break down the branches, 
and leave their dung some inches thick under the trees, The elder Mi- 
chaux says that Catesby has confounded this tree with Q. ribra; which 
is probably the case, as his description accords much better with that species, 
than this tree. The wood of Q. Catesbe’i is considered excellent as fuel; and 
it bears a higher price than that of any other oak in America for that purpose. 
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