CHAP. CV. COKYLA‘CEE. QUE’RCUS. 1893 
abundant, as the largest tree seldom yields more than a few pints. This oak 
varies very much from soil and climate. In Virginia, which is its most 
northern habitat, the tree is only 40 ft. or 45 ft. high; and its leaves, which 
vary exceedingly, but are generally wedge-shaped, drop at the first frost. In 
the inland parts of the southern states, the tree attains its largest size; but 
on the sea coast it becomes dwarfish, and the leaves persistent ; they frequently 
remaining on the tree for two or three years. In the Carolinas, Georgia, and 
East Florida, it is most abundant ; and it is always found in the stagnant pools 
and narrow swamps enclosed in the pine barrens. It is one of the Ame- 
rican oaks mentioned by Catesby, and was cultivated in Fairchild’s Nursery 
before the year 1723. As a , 
useful tree, it has no recom- 
mendations: the wood is 
tough; but it decays so soon, 
that it is never used in Ame- 
rica, where it is not esteemed 
even for fuel. The bark con- 
tains some tannin; but it is 
considered so inferior to that 
of other oaks, that it is never 
used by the tanners; and the 
acorns are so bitter, that even 
pigs will not eat them. When 
young, the tree is frequently 
attacked by the larva of a 
moth, considered by Abbott 
and Smith as identical with 
the English Phalz‘na (Clisio- 
campa) neustria L. Syst. Nat., 
818., Smith and Abb. Ins., t. 
59.; and our fig. 1769. This 
insect is extremely abundant 
both in Europe and America ; 
and in the latter country it is often found in such quantities in the larva state 
as entirely to strip the oak on which it feeds of leaves. There are trees of Q.. 
bs ein in the HorticulturalSociety’s Garden ; and numerous young plants for 
oil pee nursery ground occupied by Mr. Charlwood of Covent Garden 
et. 
# 23. Q. rLiciFo‘L1A Wang. The Holly-leaved, or Bear, Oak. 
Identification. Wang. Amer., 79. t. 6.f.17.; Willd. Sp PL, 4. p. 3 Ail 5 
sP 902, + Smith in -, sr el, No. 66. > Pp. » 4. p. 447.; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 5 
ynonymes. Q. Banisteri Michx. Quer., No. 15., N. Du Ham., 7. p.173., Pursh Fl. Amer. t 
2. p. 631.°; ? Q. aquatica Abbott and Smith Ins.,2. p. 157. ; Black Scrub Oak, Dwarf red Oak, ane! 
Engravings. Wang. Amer., t. 6. f.17.; ? Abb. Ins., 2. t.79.; N. Amer, Syl. 1. p.21.; and our 
fig. 1770. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, with 3 or 5 deep bristle- 
pointed lobes, entire; downy beneath. Fruit stalked, in pairs. (Willd.) 
A shrub, or low tree, from 3 tt. to 10 ft. high. Introduced in 1800. 
Description, §c. This very remarkable little tree is generally found about 
3 ft. or 4 ft. high ; but, in favourable situations, it is sometimes found to reach 
the height of 8 ft. or 10 ft. “ It usually grows in compact masses, which are 
traversed with difficulty, though no higher than the waist. As the individuals 
which compose them are of a uniform height, they form so even a surface, 
that, at a distance, the ground appears to be covered with grass, instead of 
shrubs.” (NV, Amer. Sy/., i. p. 83.) The trunk, which is much confined, is co- 
vered, like the branches, with a polished bark. It has more strength than 
would be supposed from its size, which is rarely more than 1 in. in diameter. 
The leaves are of a dark green on the upper surface, whitish beneath, and 
regularly divided igtp 3 or 5 lobes. The acorns are small, blackish, and lon- 
66 4 
