1894 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART 111. 
gitudinally marked with a few reddish lines; and 
they are so abundant as sometimes to cover the 
branches. The bear oak is common in the northern 
states, also in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsyl- 
vania. It is never found insulated, or mingled with 
other trees and shrubs in the forest; but always in 
tracts of several hundred acres in extent, which it 
covers almost exclusively, a few specimens of the 
chinquapin oak (Q. Prinus ptmila) only breaking its 
uniformity. The presence of this oak is considered 
a sure indication of a barren soil; and it is usually’ 
found on dry sandy land mingled with gravel. This 
oak was first observed by Banister, after whom it 
was named by some authors; it was not, however, 
till 1800, that it was brought to this country by the 
Messrs. Fraser, to whom we owe the introduction 
of many species of American oaks. The tree is too 
small for the wood to be of any use; but the acorns 
afford an abundant supply of food to deer, bears, and of 
swine, which, from the low stature of the plant, can “ reach them by lifting their 
heads, or rising on their hind feet.” The younger Michaux saw it used for 
hedges; and he suggests that it might be planted as copse-wood, as it would 
afford food, as wellas an excellent shelter, for game; also, that, as it will grow 
in the most sterile soil, and resist the most impetuous winds, it might serve as 
a nurse to plantations in exposed situations, such as the dykes in Holland. 
The larva of Phalze‘na (Orgyia) leucostigma Sm. and Abb. Ins., t. 79., the pale 
vapourer moth, feeds on the leaves of this species. a 
¥ 24. Q. HETEROPHY’LLA Miche. The various-leaved, or Bartram’s, Oak. 
Identification. Michx. Amer. Syl., 1. p.75.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 627. 
Engraving. Michx. Amer. Syl, t. 18. 
Spec. Char. Leaves on long footstalks, ovate-laneeolate or oblong, entire or unequally toothed. 
Cup hemispherical. Nut roundish. (Michzx.) A tree, 30 ft. high, 
Description, &c. It is a remarkable fact, that, notwithstanding the apparent distinctness of this 
oak, only one specimen of it has been found in a wild state, and that was discovered by Michaux, in 
a field belonging to Mr. Bartram, on the banks of the Schuylkill, 4 miles from Philadelphia. This 
was a flourishing tree, 30 ft. high, with a trunk 12in. in diameter. The leaves are of an elongated 
oval form, coarsely and irregularly toothed, smooth above, and of a dark green beneath. ‘The acorns 
are round, of a middle size, and contained in shallow cups, lightly covered with scales. It is said to 
have been introduced, but we do not know where it is to be obtained. 
% 25.Q. acriro‘t1a Willd. The prickly-leaved American Oak. 
Identification. Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 434.; Nees in Ann. des Scien. Nat., 3. p.271.; Fisch. Misc. Hisp., 
‘ B 108.5 Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p.627.; N. Du Ham., 7. p.156.; Smith in Rees’s Cycl, 
0. 29. 
Engraving. ? Pluk, Phyt., t. 196. f.3. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves roundish-ovate, somewhat heart-shaped ; smooth on both sides, with spinous 
teeth. Fruit axillary, sessile. Scales of the calyx lax. Nut ovate. (Wielld.) A native of the 
western coast of North America, near Nootka Sound. It has not been introduced. 
§ vil. Phéllos. Willow Oaks. 
lela 
Sect. Char., §c. Leaves quite entire and lanceolate, dying off without much 
change of colour, in England; but, in America, sometimes persistent for 
two or three years. Young shoots straight, spreading, and wand-like. 
Bark very smooth, black, and never cracked. Fructification biennial. Cup 
imbricate. Nut roundish, and very small. Large trees and shrubs, the least 
beautiful in their foliage of the oak family. 
¥ 26. Q. Pue’tios L. The Willow Oak. 
Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1412. ; Willd. Sp, Pl., 4. p. 493. ; Ait, Hort. Kew., ed.2., 5. p. 287.3 Pursh 
