1904 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
takes place ; after which operation being repeated a few times, every remnant 
is annihilated, and the country reduced to the open waste it now exhibits.” 
(Sketches in Spain, vol. ii. p. 251.) In Jandscape-gardening, the ilex is of the 
greatest value, both as a tree and a shrub: in both characters, it forms very 
handsome single objects, or small groups ; and, in both, it is a most desirable 
underwood in plantations of European oaks. It thrives better than most 
other evergreen trees in the immediate vicinity of cities, even where coal 
smoke abounds; and hence it is a most desirable tree for public parks and 
gardens, though there is not one in Hyde Park, the Regent’s Park, or Green- 
wich Park. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xii. p. 155.) 
Soil, Situation, Sc. A dry deep soil, calcareous or sandy rather than 
clayey, and a situation low rather than elevated, best suit the ilex. It is 
exceedingly difficult to propagate, otherwise than by the acorn ; and no tree, 
according to Boutcher, is more difficult to transplant ; “ as the roots of it, 
when not interrupted, run as straight down into the earth as a carrot, and 
with as few fibres; so that for hedges, or large plantations,” Boutcher recom- 
mends the acorns “ to be put into the places where they are designed to re- 
main.” (Treat., &c., p. 168.) We agree in this advice ; but, as it cannot 
always be followed, the next best mode is, to have the plants raised in small 
pots, one in a pot, as is generally practised in the London nurseries. So 
reared, the plants might be sent to any distance without the slightest injury ; 
and, when they are turned out of the pot into the open ground, if the soil 
and situation be suitable, they will grow with amazing rapidity. In the year 
1824, we turned a one-year’s seedling out of a pot No. 60. into our garden 
at Bayswater, and it is now upwards of 20 ft. high, and has for three years 
past borne acorns. 
Accidents and Diseases. The toughness and solidity of the wood of this 
tree, with the compact form of its head, render it less liable to be injured by 
wind or lightning than any other species’ of oak; while its coriaceous leaves 
are very seldom attacked by insects, at least in Britain. 
Statistics. Yn the environs of London, at Fulham Palace, 150 years old, it is 45 ft. high, the dia- 
meter of the trunk 3 ft. 9in., andof the head 40 ft. ; at Syon it is 67 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 
ft. 1in., and of the head 26 ft. A great many seedlings appear to have been planted here about the 
middle of the last century ; and these now exhibit so great a diversity in their foliage, that many 
persons have been, till lately, in the habit of considering them as distinct species. At the Priory, at 
Stanmore, it is 44 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 2ft., and of the head 32ft. ; and at Mount Grove, 
18 years planted, it is 28 ft. high, the diameter of the head 20ft.—South of London. In Cornwall, 
at Carclew, it is 40 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 7in. In Devonshire, at Bicton, 25 years 
planted, it is 14 ft. high; i the Exeter Nursery, 60 years old, it is 34 ft. high, the diameter of the 
trunk 2 ft. Gin., and that of the head 44 ft.; at Killerton, 70 years planted, it is 50ft. high, the dia- 
meter of ithe trunk 3ft., and of the head 52ft.: at Mamhead, it is 85 ft. high, circumference of the 
trunk 11 ft.; another is 55 ft. high, with a trunk 22ft. in circumference: in Bystock Park, 22 years 
planted, it is 20 ft. high; at Endsleigh Cottage, 18 years planted, it is 30 ft. high. In Dorsetshire, at 
Melbury Park, 40 years planted, it is 30 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 3ft., and of the head 27 ft. 
In the Isle of Wight, in Wilkins’s Nursery, 10 years planted, it is 20 ft. high. In Kent, at Cobham 
Hall, it is 60 ft. high, with a trunk 3ft. 6in. in diameter. In Somersetshire, at Leigh Court, 14 years 
planted, it is 28 ft. high ; at Nettlecombe, 40 years planted, it is 31 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 
Qft., and of the head 32ft.; at Hinton House, 20 years planted, it is 27ft. high, the diameter of the 
trunk 1 ft. G6in., and of the head 20ft. In Saree at Farnham Castle, 50 years planted, it is 35 ft. 
high ; at Oakham, 30 years planted, it is 30ft. high. In Wiltshire, at Wardour Castle, 50 years 
planted, it is 50 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 10 in., and of the head 51 ft.— North of London. 
In Berkshire, at Ampthill, 16 years planted, it is 36 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 8 in., and of the 
head 24 ft. ; at Bear Wood, 12 years planted, it is‘1 ft. 6in. high. In Cambridgeshire, in the Cam- 
bridge Botanic Garden, it is 35ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 6in., and of the head 33 ft. 
In Cheshire, at Tabley Hall, 70 years old, it is 36 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and of the 
head 132ft. In Denbighshire, at Kinmel Park, 24 years planted, it is 20 ft. high, diameter of the 
trunk 1 ft., and of the head 24ft. In Lancashire, at Latham House, 60 years planted, it is 31 ft. high, 
diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 6in., and of the head 54ft. In Middlesex, at Harefield Place, are some 
remarkably large trees, supposed to have been planted in the days of Evelyn, and by his suggestions. 
(See Gard. Mag., vi. p. 580.) In Northamptonshire, at Wakefield Lodge, 14 years planted, it is 
20 ft. high. In Nottinghamshire, at Wollaton Hall, are several immense ilexes, one has the trunk 
15 ft. Gin. in circumference at 1 ft. from the ground, and the diameter of the head is 67 ft. ; there are 
two others, of nearly the same size: they are supposed to be of the same age as Wollaton Hall, 
which was built by Thorp in the time of Elizabeth, and consequently to be nearly 300 years old. (See 
an engraving of this remarkable mansion in Gard Mag., vol. ii. fig. 130. In Oxfordshire, in the 
Oxford Botanic Garden, 12 years planted, it is 20 ft. high. In Pembrokeshire, at Stackpole Court, 
100 years old, it is 78ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2ft. Gin., and of the head 50ft. In 
Radnorshire, at Maeslaugh Castle, 50 years planted, it is 36 ft. high the diameter of the trunk. 
1ft. 9in., and of the head 34 ft. In Staffordshire, at Trentham, 15 yearsjplanted, it is 29 ft. 
high. In Suffolk, in the Bury Botanic Garden, 60 years planted, it is 45 ft. high; at Bungay, 
it is 50 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 3ft., and of the head 60 ft. ; at Great Livermere, 9 years 
planted, it is 15 ft. high. In Westmoreland, at Holker Hall, it is 58 ft. high. In Worcestershire, 
at Croome, 80 years planted, it is 70 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 4ft., and of the head 
