1980 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART LIT. 
this tree produces about 20 1b. of mast every year, which sells at 2d 
Mag., vol. viii. p. 445.) : at Gottingen, in the Botanic Garden, 26 years rahe i eel —< 
a oa : ~ (neta at Vienna, at Laxenburg, it is 25ft.. high. In Prussia, at Berlin, at Sans 
Commercial Statistics. In the London nurseries, mast is 10s. per bushel; 
two years’ seedlings are 8s. per thousand ; transplanted plants, from 2 ft. to 
3 ft. high, 40s. per thousand. Plants of the purple-leaved variety are from 9d. 
to ls. 6d. each; of the fern-leaved, from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d.; and of F’.s. pén- 
dula, from 3s. 6d. to 5s. At Bollwyller, plants of the different varieties are 
from 2 to 3 francs each ; and, at New York, the species is 25 cents per plant 
and the varieties 1 dollar each. 
¥ 2, F. rerruGi/NEA Ait. The American ferruginous-wooded Beech. 
Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 362.; Abbott Ins., 2. p. 149.; Wi : Mi 
Sa tee p. 21.3 Willd. Sp. PL., & p. 460." » 2 p. 149.5 Willd. Arb., 112; Michx. N. 
Synonymes. F. americana latifolia Du Roi Harbk., 1. p. 269. Wang., Amer., p. 80.; red Beech 
. 80. 2 
Amer. 
Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 106, ; Wang. Amer., t. 29, f. 55.; and our fig. 1917. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, thickly toothed; do : 
ciliate on the margin. (Willd. Sp. Pl., iv. p. 460.) A North Hie * 
timber tree, so much resembling the common European beech, as by some 
to be considered only a variety of it. It was introduced in 1766, and is 
not unfrequent in collections. The American beech is easily known from 
the European one by its much shorter obtusely 
pointed buds, with short, roundish, convex scales, 
which terminate almost abruptly, and are enclosed 
in numerous, short, loose scales. , 
Varieties. . 
* F. f. 2 carolinidna ; F. caroliniana Lodd. Cat., == 
ed. 1836; and jig. 1915.; has leaves some- 
what cordate at the base, ovate, slightly 
acuminate, obsoletely dentate, and some- 
what mucronate. The colouris a very dark 
green, somewhat tinged with purple when 
fully mature. The veins of the under side 
of the leaf are somewhat hoary. 
* F. f. 8 latifolia; F. latifolia of Lee’s Nursery; and our fig. 1916. — 
Leaves lanceolate, acuminate; tapering at the base, feather-nerved, 
much longer than those of the preceding variety in proportion to 
their length, and of alighter green. It differs from the plant marked 
F. carolinianain the Hack- 
ney Arboretum; but, as 
the latter is very small, and 
the Hammersmith plant is 
growing in a better atmo- 
sphere, perhaps it is not 
worth keeping distinct. 
Description, §c. The red beech, 
Michaux observes, bears a greater 
resemblance to that of Europe than 
to the American white beech. It 
equals the latter in diameter, but 
not in height; and, as it ramifies near 
the ground, it has a more massive Qy 
head, and a more tufted foliage. Its 
leaves are equally brilliant with = 
those of the white beech, a little 
larger and thicker, and more deeply 
serrated. Its fruit is of the same 
form, but only half as large; while 
the prickles of its calyx are less 
numerous, but firmer. The wood 
